Saturday, August 31, 2019

A Road Not Taken” and “Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening comparison Essay

?Both Robert Frosts â€Å"A Road Not Taken† and â€Å"Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening† are about making choices, affecting life. The both reflect on the human nature of questioning one’s self and one’s decisions in life. In â€Å"A Road Not Taken† it seems as if the speaker is upset that they had not taken a different path in life so he decides to â€Å"take the one less travel by. † â€Å"Stopping By the Woods on a snowy Evening† tell us that the speaker is upset and regrets that they have missed things in life. Both have to do with the feeling of making the wrong choice and facing disappointment in life while both poems are about different situations. â€Å"A Road Not Taken† is about coming to a cross road in life and trying to decide which path to take. To me it seems as if the speaker has followed the mainstream life style that everyone else around them had and they wanted to do something different in life. The choice to do something different led them to â€Å"take the path less traveled†. â€Å"Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening† the subject stops to gaze at the beauty of woods yet he leaves remembering that he had a prior engagement. The moods and motivation of both poems are similar, contemplative and conflicted. Both speakers are alone on their paths to make their own choices in life. Yet they seem fascinated with the calmness that is in front of them in the woods. Both poems tell that the speakers have internal conflicts about their lives and the road is used at a metaphor for life. The speakers in both poems use different ways to decide what path to take for different reasons. Stopping By the Woods on a Snowy Evening the character is facing a decision of life and death when he is looking at the â€Å"dark woods† and â€Å"frozen lake† and his obligations in life outweigh staying in the woods in the isolation of the â€Å"lovely and â€Å"deep and dark† woods. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken† the speaker is confronted with the choice and option to follow the norm and take the path most traveled or take the path less traveled. He takes the path less traveled and in a way is going against the norms of society. He takes time to contemplate his decision and weighs out his choices when he says â€Å"Oh I kept the first for another day. †

Friday, August 30, 2019

Argumentive Paper on Illegal Downloading of Music

1. Speech Title: Our Modern Day Pirates 2. Speaker/Audience: An environmental activist/local group of environmental activists. 3. Purpose of Speech: EXAMPLE: To convince my audience to take action to preserve the tropical rainforests. 4. Thesis: EXAMPLE: I. Attention A) Alright so who here, and be honest knows that they have illegally downloaded one of their favorite movies, music exct.? (hands will be raised) Ah!!! So there are my thieves B) The usage of illegal downloading has been a huge problem in the creation of the arts.Millions of dollars are being invested into the hard work that’s produced for the enjoyment of the society and is lost. C) For those who don’t know stealing movies or music or anything is against the law. And trust me later on in my speech your going to know how unconstitutional it is to steal. Credibility) I have witnessed one of my fathers friends who was in a band. They were starting to grow into a successful band, opened for kiss at the red roc ks. Soon to come, CDs stop selling and Xirens own money that he put in was lost due to illegal down loads.E Preview) From this speech you will learn 1) how illegal downloading started its affect on artists that supply the music. 2) You will learn Statistics on how it financially affects the music business and others, 3) the consequences of illegal downloading and 4) cheap alternatives to satisfy your needs in hopes to stop this madness. Transition) Lets go back to June the year was 1999. A creator Shwan Fanning Started one of the most unethical practices of file sharing called Napster. II. Body: A. Need: It all started with a simple project that was created called file sharing.File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital stored information such has mp3 or music file. 1. According to an article ( R. I. P Napster) The excuse that Napster promoted for illegal downloading was â€Å"The recorded companies had let them down by only putting on a few hit sing les and fills it up with songs just to get more money. † So Napster was programmed for individuals to select certain songs and not pay for it. When this happened, then millions of others begin to upload their own music and share it with others around the globe.This lead to major copy writes infringements, which eventually put Napster out of business. It was too late though. Now some arguments that I have heard when I ask why do you illegally download music? The response is, the record companies cheat the artists out of their money anyways. They see the record companies as big monsters who are evilly personified. Your basically playing robin hood when you go and download stuff without paying for it. Your ripping off the record companies. You think â€Å"yea were beating this big evil monster†.2. Unfortunately if you only knew the business part of it, the money that is spent on the CDs or on I-tunes goes straight to the big evil monster record companies. Once this happens then the artists who produced that music gets a generous profit from the record company. 3) The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is extremely concerned with the illegal downloading. Since Napster, Music Sales have dropped 47% from loosing 14. 6 billion dollars. (TechDirt. net) From 2004- 2009 30 billion songs were illegally downloaded on file sharing networks. Illegal downloading loses the music industry 12. billion dollars a year, and said from 2004-2009 over 71,000 jobs were lost. This includes not only music artist but sound engineers, technicians, warehouse workers and even record store clerks. Illegal downloading under minds the future of music. by stealing the music you take away the music industries resources it needs to find new talent and holt the uprising of better music. *When we steal and download illegally a copious amount of music then the record companies are not getting enough money and profit to pay the artists. This is when the only outcome is puni shment for participating in this scheme.B. Satisfaction: Its now time that drastic measures must be taken. Just last year a federal jury found a thirty two year old women who was charged 1. 9 million dollars. Charged 80,000 a song and only illegally downloaded 24 songs roughly twenty four bucks with the . 99 cent charge fee on I-tunes. (Digital Media Magazine) Was it worth it? If you are caught the record companies get to decided based off infridment laws how much they can sue in individual. This is just one of the many cases who has been charged according to the copy write laws. S1. One way to stop this problem is to educate others on this subject.According to (Teens less likely to illegal download when they know ) 70% of people who were interviewed had no idea file sharing was illegal. These could be lies due to the fact of being afraid being sued, but 2. With the education on illegal downloading Between 2006-2009 16-20% of illegal downloading has declined, and 15-30% of people we re engaged in legal downloading of music. Transition) *To keep you out of the dog house here are some safe alternatives so you can enjoy your music or in this case movies as well C. Visualization: If you think that there is no other way to satisfy your music/movie needs then think again.Example: I-tunes, Pandora radio, or even Netflix are safe legal ways to accesses music and movies. Netflix is one of the best alternatives to view movies and T. V shows. You only pay 7. 99 a month and receive unlimited movies. Example) Also big Television networks such as NBC,MTV and FOX will let you view episodes of your favorite shows. If we stop the illegal downloading just think of how much support artist will have and money to create even better music! *Now lets turn to some basic tips and a short story that helped me stop illegal downloading.D. Action: 1) Since illegal downloading is such an easy task to do, think to yourself how you can be the domino effect of the down fall of the music indust ry. 2) Now I cant be there sitting over each and everyone of your shoulders and advise your descion to legally download. When I crashed my old computer using a file sharing called KAZA my father was livid. He gave me advice on how to govern my own actions. He asked me if I knew what the definition of character was. With 8 different translations of the word character in Webster dictionary my father came up with the ninth.He said Alex â€Å"Character is based on your actions and morals when no one is watching. Conclusion. Summary: In conclusion you have learned the beginning stages of illegal downloading, and how to combat this situation with safer alternatives. Importance: You saw how important legal down loading can be for the music industry and others, and the importance of supporting musicians by buying their music. Clincher: So just because no one is around and its just you behind the screen of your computer, think to yourself before you download if you’re a thief or a ho norable person.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

ATP Life Assurances Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ATP Life Assurances - Case Study Example While it sounds like it would take much time to monitor each IT project, the company already has formed a very solid routine for doing this every time it needs to. Each IT project is measured in order to make sure it is both efficient and effective while it is being developed, and after the analysis, either a red, yellow, or green label is placed on the system to demonstrate the status of the project. Some of the projects are actually analyzed more than once-these projects are those that are considered "more important" for a variety of reasons. Senior line managers, the Managing Director and chief operating officers are all provided with a monthly report regarding the status of projects that are valued at more than 250K and those that deal with important strategic content. Still, the company does even more to assure that the projects are successful. Another extra step is taken by ATP Life Assurance by using an investment-tracking database for each IT project in order to analyze costs as they proceed. Doing this gives the company members a chance to decide quickly whether a project should be pushed or pulled depending on the financial status and other items that are reported to the employees (Obrien and Marakas). I feel that these six key items are important because they will provide the stakeholders as well as the employees with a basic understanding of what each IT group concept needs to review for success. First, any project should always be initially organized, whether it appears that it may be initially successful or not. The key ideas and concepts need to be organized and keyed in by IT so that they can use the information for the future. The next key concept is to discuss the project, in order to make certain that everybody is aware of what is going on. This would also allow others to contribute their own thoughts or ideas to the project in order to make the project the best it could be. Next, the work flow is a very important item to consider. Work flow can make or break many projects, and a timeframe is always important to determine the success of a concept. How much time should be invested in it Is there a cut-off here When should the company give up on the concept (Seven Steps) Al l of this needs to be taken into consideration. It is also important for the company to set reasonable objectives when forming a project. If a company shoots for notions that are too high, it can devastate its feelings of morale and have an overall negative effect on its employees. However, if it focuses on achieving something much below what it might have been able to do, it is not performing to its full, effective value, which is also a problem. Some kind of happy medium must be found in this concept in order to resolve the

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Using international relations theories to explain why the Falkland Essay

Using international relations theories to explain why the Falkland Island war of 1982 was a lie to the people of Argentina - Essay Example s at home, the Argentinian leadership decided to invade Falkland Island which the British government had claimed ownership in 1833, thus leading to war. This paper will discuss the major causes of the war in relation to international relation theories. In addition, the paper will discuss why the war remained a lie for the face of Argentine population. The Argentines believed that the British stole their islands, and hence there was a need to claim back their land. This is what the citizens had been taught in school and saw Britons guarding the islands as enemies. This bred a sense of patriotism and the zeal to support the government in case of war as part of fulfilling their national duty (Grove, 2005). This cultural belief is supported by the constructivism theory of international relations which is behavior based. However, in reality, the Britons living 200 miles off their coast were by no means a threat to the Argentines. Their lives had been made worse by their own government which did not care much about their welfare. Argentina was in search for an opportunity to fulfill its mission with no success. However, while one of its local merchants got a contract to clear off scrap on South Georgia Island. The idea of protecting the islands came after the merchant was denied access to the scrap site by the UK Navy personnel manning the island. He was required to get a work permit from the United Kingdom’s Embassy at Buenos Aeries (Kiney, 1989). The army got a chance for access to the island in the pretext of protecting the scrap dealer and raised the flag on the island. In a span of eight days, the Argentina leader had ordered for a full military occupation on other islands. According to an agreement signed in 1771 between Britain and Spain, Britain had reserved rights to the Islands even though it had vacated the islands in 1774 (Kiney, 1989). After Spain’s withdrawal in 1811, the land remained without any occupation until 1816. Before the colonization of

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Relationship between mythology and earthly authority Research Paper

Relationship between mythology and earthly authority - Research Paper Example Studying different myths also enable scholars to establish the relationship between different races and the period of their separation. Myths have their basis in the existence of supernatural beings that have extra-ordinary powers. This aspect protects myths from challenges and preserves their credibility. Closely related to mythology is the earthly authority. Unlike mythology, earthly authority is based worldly governance and institutions. Although the two concepts are different, they share common roots and practices. This paper will therefore analyze the relationship between mythology and earthly authority. The paper achieves its objective by discussing the implications of myths on kingship authority. The reality of existence between myth and kingship stands out as the main difference between the two aspects. However, different kingships around the world existed in a close relationship with supernatural world. Relationship between earthly kingships was of immense interest to differ ent rulers since it strengthened their influence. Kingship acted as a link between the supernatural world and the mortal world. In this relationship, the earthly rulers acted as the mediator between the people and the supernatural world. In such cases, the people believed that their kings had direct conversations with their gods and ancestors. The kings or people in authority were also expected to offer sacrifices to the spirits in orders to reconcile them with the people. This usually happened when there was a catastrophe. People believed that catastrophe resulted when the spirits were angry with them. In such cases, the king was expected to offer sacrifice in order to reconcile the people with the spirit spiritual world (Richard, 2004). Kings not only offered sacrifice in order to reconcile the people with the spiritual world but they also offered sacrifice as a form of thanksgiving for a fortune that has taken place in the society. Although people believe in their earthly rulers, they have more faith and adoration to the spiritual world. This indicates that kings associated themselves with mythology in order to build their legitimacy among the people. Believing in spiritual world is human nature that enables people to explain their origin and relationship with the natural world. By acting as the mediator between the spiritual world and the earthly world, kings were able to win people’s confidence. This aspect also enhanced the legitimacy of the kings. Some earthly kings considered themselves as immortal, in such societies people considered the kings as gods. The ancient Egyptian society considered their kings as immediate after their gods. The Egyptians believed that their rulers had powers that were equivalent to the powers of their gods. Ancient Egyptian artifacts such as the pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx were constructed to demonstrate the immortal nature of the Egyptian pharaohs. These features demonstrated that different kings existed am ong the people despite them being dead. Egyptian kings also served as a link between the Egyptians and their gods. They played this role by maintaining Egyptian cults and religious practices. The kings also led religious activities within the society and maintained the temple. The king was also expected to protect the community from the chaotic world by maintaining a close a relationship with the gods. By playing this role, the kings appeared as direct apostles or earthly representative of the gods. This made the society to believe in their kings as they believed in their gods. Playing these roles also enabled the kings to win the confidence of their subject that was vital in strengthen their authority (Ions, 1982). Similarly, the Greeks considered their rulers to have a close

Monday, August 26, 2019

Human Resource Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Human Resource Managment - Essay Example This paper approves this performance review will not only help the management grasp the magnitude of contribution made by each employee, but will also help the employees get a measurable perspective regarding their job expectations and requirements. Besides, the company could come out with a structured remuneration and compensation policy, based on the data collected from these surveys and reviews. All the existing research and experience corroborate to the fact that change always begins from the top. It is only when the top management evinces appropriate level of sincerity and commitment to change that the messages and policies eventually percolate down to the juniors. In that context, the senior management at GS Plumbing is loaded with ample issues. The owner of GS Plumbing is noncommittal towards the problems being faced by the organization and dedicates very little time and effort to the company. This essay makes a conclusion that that the human resources employed by GS Plumbing are being poorly managed and scheduled, resulting in employees resorting to cash-in-hand work after hours, by exploiting the company equipment and inputs. The employees are flouting the reporting procedures regarding safety, which may eventually lead to serious union problems. In that context, a timely HR audit on the part of GS Plumbing will lead to a formal identification of these issues and lacunas. As is the nature of problems, it is first important to identify a problem, before it is resolved.

Sunday, August 25, 2019

The Godfather by Mario Puzo, A Comparison of novel and film Essay

The Godfather by Mario Puzo, A Comparison of novel and film - Essay Example There are numerous schools of thought on what made this novel and film appeal to the American public. Some critics are of the view that it was all about the timing. Firstly, Barra (4 & 5) argues that the novel lacked the literary merit to warrant its popularity and goes on to base the novels success on the fact that it was produced at a period when easy-reading books, that he refers to as novelizations, were a hit. However, when it comes to the films, The Godfather  and  The Godfather Part II were realised in 1972 and 1974, which was a time that the US was experiencing much turmoil and change. Critics attribute the films’ leanings towards the New Left and its exposure of the hypocrisy of institutions of power, such as corruption in the police force and politicians, gave the public what they desired to see and hear. However, the theme that pundits agree on that may have contributed to the success of both the novel and the film was that the story was really about the exper iences of American immigrant families, specifically Sicilian-Americans, adapting to their new environment. Barra (6) states that if we take away the gambling and the murder, the story becomes a straightforward depiction of how Italian-American families were assimilated into American culture. This we believe superseded the notion that it was the film that made the novel famous because historical data shows that the book had already sold millions of copies before the first film was  ­released in 1972. This common theme therefore is what we believe to be bearing the underlying relevance of the both the novel and the films: assimilation of immigrant families into the American society and its resultant consequences. The original plot and the film adaptations The Godfather novel is set in the 1940s and revolves around the family of a Sicily-American immigrant. Don Vito Corleone, the head of the Corleone family is referred to as the Godfather because he embodies what every man aspires to be. He is strong, powerful, cunning and a loving family man. This is depicted where we see Amerigo Bonasera coming to him to seek justice for his daughter’s rape (Puzo 10) and also by Virgil Sollozo who seeks Vito’s partnership to engage in the lucrative drug peddling business. The Don refuses to take up Sollozo’s offer, which leads the â€Å"Turk† to send assassins to kill the Don. Vito Corleone survives, but needs to stay away from the direct running of the family business. Sonny, his hot-headed son, takes up leadership of the Corleone family, convinces Michael, his younger brother to kill Sollozo and Captain McCluskey in vengeance for his father’s failed assassination attempt. This act results in a full scale war between the five mafia families in New York. The all out mafia war leads to the death of Sonny and Michael’s ascension to the head of the family. Michael initially tries to legitimize the Corleone business empire, but fails. Michael who erstwhile wanted nothing to do with the family business changes into a ruthless Don, who eliminates all the heads of the other mafia families in New York. He later sells all the Corleone property in New York and moves the family to Lake Tahoe, Nevada. In contrast to the novel, the movie is made of three sequels. The Godfather, Part I is the film whose plot most closely resembles the novel’s bar the elimination of several character backstories

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Intorduction to Marketing (Report on The National Trust charity Assignment

Intorduction to Marketing (Report on The National Trust charity - Assignment Example The Targeted Audience 7 2.1.3.0 Promotion Activities 7 2.1.3.1. Personal Selling 8 2.1.3.2 Sales Promotion 8 2.1.3.3. Public Relations (PR). 9 2.1.3.4. Direct Mail 9 2.1.3.5. Trade Fairs and Exhibitions 9 2.1.3.6. Advertising 9 2.1.3.7. Sponsorship 10 3.0. Environmental Factors 10 3. 1) Outline what the environmental factors are and explain why marketers in all organisations should monitor these external factors. 10 3.2) Which of these environmental factors might influence your chosen organisation’s (the charity) marketing mix, and in which ways? 11 Competitors 11 Economy 11 Government 11 4.0. Marketing Plan 12 4. 1. Using a current marketing text book, outline (you may use a diagram) what a marketing plan is comprised of, and why it is useful for all companies to use marketing plans. 12 4.0. Conclusion 13 5.0. Bibliography 14 Introduction to Marketing (Report on The National Trust charity) Executive Summary The National Trust Charity is an organization that incorporates both paid staff and volunteers. However, since it is an organization it joins other ordinary organizations in their quest for success. This report is written with regards to different aspects of the report on the National Trust Charity. ... In this regard the introduction will provide both the full time and the volunteers working in this organization. The second part of the report will entail an analysis of the marketing mix. There is a comprehensive outline of the marketing mix of the National Trust Charity that also considers the differences that will apply in an ideal organization. Here, the report will consider the purpose of the charity, target audiences, promotion activities and place. The third part of the report entails the evaluation of the organizational environmental factors with an explanation on the reason as to why marketers in all organizations should monitor the external environmental factors and to determine which of the environmental factors have the capacity to affect the charity marketing mix and the manner of their influence. The last bit of the report will incorporate the elements of a market plan and their importance in any organization before a comprehensive conclusion. 1. Give the name of the or ganisation, state where it is based and an outline of the focus of its activities. Highlight if it has a mission statement. Also, give a brief history of the organisation and a brief overview of the staff that it has. (Full time and volunteers?) 1.0 Introduction The National Trust Charity is an organization that focuses on conservation. The organization is based in England and due to its massive impact, it operate in Northern Ireland and also whales. Since the organization’s intention is to enhance conservation, the organization has geared all its efforts towards the conservation activities. It goes without say that the contemporary issues in conservation are becoming complex and this

UK public finances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

UK public finances - Essay Example According to forecasts published by the HM Treasury for the month of June -July 2010 and June - July 2011, it is evident that GDP during the same period will increase from 1.2% to 2.1% respectively (HM Treasury Report July, 2010) The detailed overview of the public finances databank available from the government, it is revealed that the current budget surplus is -105.6 billion and net borrowing of 154.6 billion with overall net debt of 53.8% for the year 2009-10. It is further evident from the data below that the trend in net borrowing is decreasing thereby promoting the growth of GDP. The table below shows that current budget surplus has come down to zero resulting in healthy GDP of 67.4% by 2014-15. (Table 1) The data furnished above should motivate the executives and decision makers to invest in the country eyeing the long term objective of making profit. However the following diagram shows that most of expenditure is targeted towards social protection which aggregates to 28%, which is understood in the present circumstances of continuous threat of terror attacks. Health and Education is also one of the important areas where the government is spending huge money. According to following diagram, it is suggested that company executives may invest in other areas like housing loans and insurances as the government spending in those areas is very minimal. It is forecasted that the government would receive majority of its income from tax deductions, which means good income to the public, followed by National Insurance (17%). Figure 1 Figure 2 (Source: Public Sector Finances Data Bank - HM Treasury http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk) The government received 153.5 billion as Income Tax in the year 2008-09, 96.9 billion from National Insurance, 78.4 billion from VAT and also from tobacco duty, fuel duty, spirits, wine, beer and cider duties, air passenger duty. As mentioned above, company executives may focus on providing products and fix prices keeping in view the predicted spending and generated income by the government. As the diagram (Figure 1) shows that government spending is huge in social protection but least in housing and environment, it is assumed that opportunity persists for the businesses in realty and banking sector. It is assumed that banking sector will flourish during the next few years as financial assistance could be provided to the people from agricultural sector as well as in realty sector. (http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk) It is important to mention that economics uses theories and methods to study the behavior of people involved with allocating resources and aiming to reach some optimum situation (Elliott and Payne, 2005:1). As the government is

Friday, August 23, 2019

Impact of New Technologies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Impact of New Technologies - Assignment Example This fact is applicable to art as well and not only in the disciplines. Just like conventional methods of creating art, digital artists require time fulfil their goals and accomplish masterpieces. For instance, Andrew Liszewski reveals how 3-D scanning can upgrade Renaissance cultures. Liszewski describes the entire creation as a â€Å"painstakingly long computer-controlled milling procedure† (Liszewski 2014). The same description is relatively applicable to traditional artworks such as Leonardo da Vinci’s â€Å"Monalisa† and Michelangelo’s painting â€Å"The Creation of Adam,† which took several years to complete. Tangibility has often been a pivotal aspect of art but is no longer a main concern. Digital techniques are a disruptive innovation in the field of art ITN (Source 2007). However, this technology does not disrupt their fineness in comparison with traditional methods of creating art. One can easily compare 3-D scanning and conventional methods of creating art to achieve a critical analysis both formal arts. However, competing both forms of art makes it difficult to justify the digital methods of creating art. Barry X Ball’s final product is helpful because original sculpture lost a number of elements over the years (Museum of Arts and Design 2013). This effort makes the ready scanning artist’s creation and almost necessary endeavor for admirers of the original sculpture. Whether the above artists’ works are used in graphic projects or for commercial reasons is important. When 3-D scanning or digital methods are used to create art, the products are considered applied arts. As a result, proponents of traditional methods of creating art would argue that such applied arts are not at par with traditional works of art. For example, Barry X Ball employs a different style of art with different methods in contrast to the creator of the original sculpture. Ball uses art concepts used

Thursday, August 22, 2019

White Rose Centre Essay Example for Free

White Rose Centre Essay When we are promoting our product and business while we are at the trade fair in White Rose we will put up posters around the White Rose building and also have members of our business to hand out pamphlets to people who are there. This is to make sure that the shoppers at White Rose are aware of our business as posters can be easily ignored if there are a lot of people about or even deliberately. White rose also has an indoor radio for the shoppers. We may ask them if they could tell the customers at White Rose about us being there and what we are selling. This will also be promoting the White Rose itself. The market size will be different from that at school because people come from all different locations in and around Leeds to shop at White Rose so we will not know who and where are customers are from. But in order to promote our product and business for the White Rose Centre we could put up posters in school and around where each of us live, like in shop windows, door to door leaflets and lampposts. The posters will tell people that we are at White Rose on a certain date and what we are going to be selling. We will tell our friends and families about the trade fair at White Rose, they will tell their friends and therefore many people will come to see what we are doing. Our time-scale for the promotion of the White Rose trade fair is getting limited. We have to make sure that all our products are made a week before the trade fair. If some are damaged we will have to make more. The leaflets, posters, lettering and the questionnaires are also to be ready a week before. It will take time to do all these but if every member in the group takes a few candles home to make as well as making some in class, then the product deadline can be easily met. The lettering is something that we have already produced from the last trade fair so these will not need doing. The leaflets might take some time to do, as they will have information about our product and business. The posters and questionnaires are to be simple. These can be done easily. The budget for our promotional activities wont cost us much as we are going to be printing the leaflets and posters at home. If it does cost us then we will budget for it to cost us no more than 10. Maybe at school it wont cost us anything but if we want eye-catching posters for the White Rose then we will have them made professionally, this will probably be expensive. We are also thinking about having an advert in the Batley News in the week we are going to be at the White Rose. But if the price is more than we have budgeted then we will have to forget about promoting our business and product in the newspaper. The main resources needed for the promotional activities for our business is access to loads of paper, a computer and printer. Most people in our group have access to all 3 at home so it will not be a problem when making the poster or leaflet. We will use the special offer promotion when we have come to the end of the trading season for our business but we will not use it before then, as this is another way of promoting our business. The promotional activities that we will use in our business, to promote our product as well as our business do have advantages that are good for our business but also disadvantages which we will need to work on. The advantages and disadvantages for our promotional activities are:In June last year after a lot of group discussions and possible constraints on products that we were going to make, we decided to make candles as our chosen products. We made our first prototypes in July. We had a long candle on a base with flowers round it, a tea light holder with a tea light and a diamond candle on a base as our prototypes. In September we started making our candles for our first trade fair which was at Granary Warf on the 14th December. We had about 10 weeks to make all the products and the lettering for the trade fair. During this period, we started getting customers wanting to buy our products. We did not want to sell them at the beginning but then we saw that many students from school may not be able to attend the Granary Warf trade fair. We decided to sell some of our candles but we did not tell many people about it, as we did not want to run out of stock for our first trade fair. Our first proper sales were at granary Warf, but we did not do well as we hoped. In order to sell our products off before Christmas we had a sale in school on Tuesday 17th December in the main hall at lunch. We did quite good and made about 40. We still had some stock left but on January 29th and 30th we had another sale in school. At all these sales we were promoting our business and telling customers where we will be selling next and when. After this we have our last trade fair, which is at the White Rose on Sunday 9th march. We want to do as well as possible and then hope to have a clearance sale at school to sell everything off, as we will then have stopped trading. To do well we are going to promote our product and business in school and the White Rose as much as we can, telling people where we are selling and when. We are also going to make our product to the best standard as we have 5 weeks to make them along with our promotion materials such as posters, pamphlets and leaflets and questionnaires for the stall. We are spending lesson time, which is 2 hours per week, lunch times and also taking our products home to make. The resources that are needed for our promotional campaign along with the materials for our products are people, skills, computers and printers, flowers, metal bases, glue gun and glue, long candles, tea light candles, tea light holders, cellophane, acetate, scissors, sellotape, double sided sticky tape, ribbon, iron nails, glitter, sequins, beads, ready made candles, paper and time. All these will help us make our product and also promote our business as fully as we can. Two examples of the materials that we are going to use as part of our promotional campaign are leaflets and handouts. The posters will be distributed around our school and the White Rose when we are there and the handouts will be given to as many people at the White Rose as we can. We need to make sure that our promotional materials follow the things below. If it doesnt then our promotion campaign will not be that successful.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Nutritional Supplements As Effective As Full Ward Diet Nursing Essay

Nutritional Supplements As Effective As Full Ward Diet Nursing Essay Pressure ulceration has become a common health issue in hospitalized patients and elderly patients living in a long-term care facility. It can be contributed by various factors such as aging, poor nutrition, immobility, and cognitive impairment. A literature review was conducted based on five published research articles. The aim was to investigate the therapeutic relationship between nutritional support and pressure sores healing. The result indicated significant improvement in pressure ulcer healing. Background Aim of the paper The aim of this study is to critically review current literature in order to evaluate the effectiveness of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in addition to regular food intake in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Purpose of the paper The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether nutritional supplement helps cure pressure sores or not. Scope of the paper The study is based on research of a variety of existing research articles, journals, surveys, and clinical trials related to pressure ulcer throughout the global. It mainly focuses on individuals aged 65 and over from different continents. Literature Search Strategy The literature review was designed to assess published studies only. The initial search terms included pressure ulcer, nutrition, elderly, protein, arginine, zinc, vitamin C. The time period of the search covered articles published from 2000 to 2011 in English. The major databases used are CINAHL, Pubmed, and Cochrane Collaboration. An assignment marking guide was used to evaluate methodological quality of selected studies and gather useful information at the same time. Research design, description of intervention, outcome measures, results and author conclusions were included in the marking guide. 2.0 Evaluation of the Literature 2.1 Introduction Pressure ulcers, also referred to as pressure sores, decubitus ulcers or bedsores, are defined as an area of localised damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear force, friction, moisture, and/or a combination of these factors. (Crowe and Brockbank 2009) It commonly occurs in hospitalized patients and elderly adults living in aged care facilities due to impaired mobility, paralysis and malnutrition. This study only focused on the relationship between malnutrition and pressure ulceration. For elderly people specifically, factors contributing to malnutrition include poor appetite, impaired cognition, depression, dependence on assistance with eating, and medications that cause gastrointestinal upset. (Heyman et al. 2008) Therefore, strategies and nursing interventions for adequate nutritional intake have become essential proportion of care for the elderly not only for pressure ulcer management, but also for their overall well-being. Supplying adequate nutritional supplements have been acknowledged to be beneficial in addition to repositioning and wound dressing since they can provide extra nutrients to strengthen tissue resistance and promote tissue repair. (Posthauer 2006) This review evaluated the clinical evidence supporting the use of ONS is beneficial for the elderly with existing pressure sores as part of their management. Five related article consisted of both clinical trials and literature reviews were selected presenting various perspectives. One of these studies provided Level I evidence while other four provided evidence between Level II and level IV. 2.2 Critical Review Level 1 evidence was provided by a systematic review by Holm, Mesch, and Ove (2007) This study conducted 16 peerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœreviewed articles published between 1995 and 2005, with a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis of information. General speaking, the reviewer pointed out that pressure ulcer healing for patients aged 65 and over is strongly associated with individuals nutritional status as well as strategies and nursing interventions implemented by healthcare workers when handling pressure ulcers. First of all, it revealed the significance of nutrition for elderly patients with pressure sores in promoting wound healing and preventing deterioration. Meanwhile, it indicated that the use of pressure relieving mattresses and repositioning were the most commonly used measures for pressure area care. It also reported potential factors such as weight loss, dysphagia, catheters and connection to different kinds of monitoring equipment, which might result in prolong ed ulceration. Moreover, the financial impact on the patient and family related to costly treatment was also discussed in this review. When selecting the articles, the reviewer excluded studies that did not comply with the aim of the review or studies contained subjective opinions. It is reasonable to consider this study to be comprehensive and convincing since it provided logical arguments supported with figures and data collected from those 16 published research articles. The limitation of this study was that the articles selected were published from 1995 to 2005, so that the information gathered might not be up-to-date. Although the study demonstrated the connection between nutrition and pressure ulcer healing, it did not involve the role of protein, arginine, vitamin C and zinc in specific. The results of this study were consistent with the setting of this academic paper because they both focused on patients aged 65 and over. In addition, this article is relevant to the PICO que stion since it talked about the importance of nutrition among elderly patients and its relationship with pressure sores management. The goal of the research paper by Heyman et al. (2008), which provides level III evidence, was to examine the effects of oral nutritional supplements enriched with protein, arginine, vitamin C and zinc in dietary management of pressure ulcers and chronic wounds. This open multicentre trial was conducted among 61 institutional care facilities in Belgium and Luxembourg for a nine-week period and 245 participants, with a mean age of 80, were selected randomly with no exclusion criteria. Each patient received three servings of ONS per day accompanied with standard pressure area care. The result was a 60% reduction in pressure ulcer area after nine weeks. The primary limitation of this study was that it neither attempted to blind nor carry out randomized controlled trials. Hence, factors affecting pressure ulcer healing other than malnutrition had not been eliminated which reduced the reliability of the result. Another limitation was that the exudate levels were not measured objectively, and ruler was used to measure the size of the wound instead of planimetry. All these factors might lead to inaccurate outcomes. Nevertheless, the result of this study was supported by three other studies. These studies indicated that ONS enriched with arginine, zinc and antioxidant vitamins helps accelerate pressure ulcer healing rates. (Benati et al. 2001; Desneves et al. 2005; Soriano et al. 2004) The study by Cereda et al. (2009) aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a disease-specific nutritional treatment enriched in protein, arginine, zinc, and vitamin C compared to full ward diet for enhancing the rate of pressure ulcer healing. It was a twelve-week randomized controlled trial which provided level I evidence. It involved 28 elderly subjects with Stage II, III, and IV pressure ulcers of recent onset from four residential care facilities in Italy. Participants were divided into two groups and both groups received exactly same amount of daily nutritional support. However, one of the groups was provided with standard full ward diet while the other group was administered a 400-mL oral supplement or specific enteral formula enriched with protein, arginine, zinc, and vitamin C in addition to the standard diet. The result reflected that there was a 72% decrease in pressure ulcer area after 12 weeks of receiving ONS. This study concluded that disease-specific nutritional support is feasible and beneficial in promoting the healing of pressure ulcers. Furthermore, a secondary research article written by Crowe and Brockbank (2009) investigated the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. The function and mechanisms of protein, arginine, and micronutrients in wound healing process had been discussed respectively in this study. It also cited a variety of existing studies to support its arguments. The study concluded that high-protein oral nutritional supplements played an essential role in minimizing the incidence of pressure ulcers in susceptible elderly patients. The role of arginine, vitamin C and zinc in pressure ulcer healing, on the other hand, was not very clear stated by Crowe and Brockbank due to limitation in sample size and heterogenous study design of current studies. Although some studies reported that arginine, Vitamin C and zinc can promote muscle and collagen synthesis which increase the strength of the wound and help the body maintain a healthy immune system (Fleishman 2005), confirmatory studies are needed to support current clinical evidence. The major down side of this study was absence of critical analysis of information gathered from clinical trials used. Nevertheless, nutritional support was considered to be beneficial and effective in enhancing pressure ulcer healing after all. In addition, the conclusion that nutritional supplement rich in protein speeded up pressure ulcer healing rate was consistent with another study by Breslow et al. (1993) Breslow et al. (1993), another level III evidence, investigated 28 malnourished elderly patients living in residential care facility with existing pressure sores for eight weeks. It aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary protein on healing of pressure ulcers in malnourished patients. The result indicated that participants who received supplemental nutritional formulas containing 24% protein displayed a faster rate of wound healing in contrast to those received formulas containing 14% protein. Therefore, it was reasonable to believe that supplemental protein aided in pressure ulcer healing process. However, because of the time of this study being conducted, the novelty and reliability of the information provided might be doubted. Based on the findings of this review, additional nutritional supplement enriched with protein, arginine, vitamin C and zinc had been proved to be effective in promoting pressure ulcer healing. The implementation of specialised nutritional support was recommended for elderly patients suffering from chronic pressure ulcers. Moreover, patients having difficulty swallowing, cognitive impairment are at risk of malnourishment so nutritional supplement should be considered despite of no existing pressure ulcer. (Cereda et al.2009) Besides, although nutritional supplementation aided the wound to heal, it was not an entire part of pressure ulcer management. In order to prevent and treat pressure sores quickly and effectively, it is essential to combine nutritional support with wound management, use of pressure-relieving devices as well as repositioning techniques. (Heyman et al. 2008) 3.0 Evaluation of the Main Research Article 3.1 The study overview The study, Benefi ts of an oral nutritional supplement on pressure ulcer healing in long-term care residents, by Heyman et al. (2008) aimed to investigate the effects of combine oral nutritional supplement high in protein, arginine, vitamin C and zinc with standard care on the healing of pressure ulcers in nursing home residents compare to standard care solely. This nine-week trial was conducted in Luxembourg and Belgium and 245 patients with grade II-IV pressure ulcers were involved. During the study, participants were provided with the ONS daily for nine weeks, in addition to their normal diet or enteral feed. Standard pressure care was provided to each patient. Pressure ulcer area (mm2) and condition were assessed after three and nine weeks. (Heyman et al. 2008) Patients received 200ml ONS per daily which contained 46g protein,6.9g arginine, 575mg vitamin C, 87mg vitamin E and 21mg zinc. The result indicated that there was a remarkable decrease in pressure ulcer area, with 53%, at the end of the trial. Complete wound closure occurred after three and nine weeks in 7% and 20% of the pressure ulcers respectively. 3.2 Type of article and level of evidence This article is a quantitative primary research article because all the data was collected by the authors themselves by performing a clinical trial. It is a case control study rather than a randomized controlled trial since it involved large number of subjects so that the randomness and suitability of participants selected diminished. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated comparison by monitoring changes of conditions and improvements of the wound. The pressure ulcer area was measured three times throughout the trial: at the beginning, after three weeks, and at the end. Therefore, this study provided level III evidence. (The Royal Melbourne Hospital 2009) 3.3 The study design This was an open multicenter case-control study, in which 245 patients with different grades of pressure ulcers participated. Three servings of oral nutritional supplements were provided for every patient and wound healing process was monitored and assessed by measuring pressure ulcer area using rulers. Patient medical history and characteristics of existing wounds were gathered to be baseline information at the beginning of the trial. All measurements were performed by a single practitioner at each center in order to minimize subjectivity of data collected. (Heyman et al. 2008) 3.4 Statistical analysis Data are expressed as mean  ± standard deviation. Data were statistically analysed using ANOVA. Pressure ulcer data were log-transformed using a mixed-effects model to compare changes in pressure ulcer area over time. SGS Life Science Services Clinical Research (Bierges-Wavre, Belgium) performed the data entry, verification and statistical analysis. (Heyman et al. 2008) 3.5 Outcomes/Results for Nurse and Patient During the study period, the average intake of the ONS recorded was 2.3  ± 0.56 servings per day. After three weeks, the mean pressure ulcer area decreased from 1580  ± 3743mm2 to 1103  ± 2999mm2 and further reduction displayed to 743  ± 1809mm2 at the end of the trial, a 53% decrease compared to baseline. Additionally, Complete wound closure occurred after three and nine weeks in 16 (7%) and 49 (20%) of the pressure ulcers respectively. There was also a remarkable decline in exudates levels. At baseline, they were reported as mild, moderate and severe in 54 (33%), 61 (25%) and 32 (13%) of the pressure ulcers respectively, while after nine weeks this had reduced to 81 (22%), 34 (14%) and 10 (4%) respectively.(Heyman et al. 2008) Also, the oral nutritional supplements were accepted by most of participants. Eight out of ten patients did not complain about being given three servings per day and roughly 80% of the patients drank more than half of the ONS at each serving. On the o ther hand, in ten health practitioners involved in this study, nine of them expressed that they would use ONS as part of their pressure ulcer management regimen. (Heyman et al. 2008) 3.6 Limitations and Gaps Although the study involved large number of participants which roughly reflect the nursing-home population of Luxembourg and Belgium, there was no excluded criteria when selecting the participants. As a consequence, various factors such as medical history of diabetes or peripheral vascular disease can prolong wound healing and influence the outcome of the study. 3.7 Recommendations for Further Research The essentiality of conducting further studies has been pointed out to evaluate whether the implementation of oral nutritional supplements is cost-effective and suitable for all patients with pressure ulcers. 4.0 Conclusion Based on the findings from studies provided above, it is reasonable to consider the use of oral nutritional supplements enriched with protein, arginine, vitamin C and zinc as an effective and beneficial intervention in pressure ulcer management. Nevertheless, it is important to administer the ONS combined with other interventions including appropriate wound management and regular repositioning to promote pressure ulcer healing.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Market With Respect To Customers And Segmentation Marketing Essay

Market With Respect To Customers And Segmentation Marketing Essay Analysis of market with respect to customers and segmentation is a fundamental process for any market offering. Several researches has been conducting on analyzing the factors on which the homogenous markets are segmented into several groups and are made heterogeneous with respect to some attributes possessed by the customers. Market segmentation is a challenge by marketers to identify group of customers with similar attributes and then target the product according to their different needs. These segments which are made as a result of market segmentation process, are then refined and one or several segments are selected to target a particular product or market offering. The process of selecting appropriate group of customers for a particular market offering is a part of planning before the product is initially launched in the market. The overall marketing efforts are the post consequences of this process or in other way these market efforts are based on attributes possessed by the customer. Each set of customers is targeted according to their attributes. Therefore it is of crucial importance for marketers to identify these attributes of customers that can be satisfied by the product offered in the market. However, after all these planning and marketing segmentation it is a common issue for marketers to indentify the actual target market for their market offering. Sometimes it is also observed that a product targeted to a particular segment is also being used by other customers that falls apart from that targeted segment. Segments are made on several characteristics like age, gender, geographic location, personality type, income group etc. It is the decision of the marketers to segment the market according to a particular or several characteristics. The ultimate goal of this process is to match the attributes of market offering to customer needs. The processes of marketing effort followed by segmentation analysis and selection are given a direction to target that particular segment and highlight the product attributes with respect to customer needs. In our research we make an attempt to study the effect of linking a market offering to a specific segment on its acceptance by another segment. During this research we have identified several products that are linked to a particular customer segment based on different characteristics. Mainly we have divided these market offerings into three sections that are: market offerings linked to a particular gender, market offerings linked to a particular age group, market offerings linked to a particular geographic location. We included these products in our survey to identify customers acceptance of a product that is linked to a particular segment by another segment that is not targeted by that product. Problem statement To study the effects of linking market offerings to specific customer segments on its acceptance by other customer segments. In this problem statement well study the effect of linking market offerings to specific customer segments as an independent variable. We will be including market offerings that are linked to a particular market segment and will study its effect by identifying the acceptance of these products by other segments. Therefore, the acceptance of market offerings that are linked to a particular segment by another segment will be dependent variable. Hypotheses For conducting this research we have created the following hypotheses: H1: Linking a market offering to a particular customer segment based on age does not have any effect on its acceptance by another segment based on age. H2: Linking a market offering to a particular customer segment based on gender does not have any effect on its acceptance by another segment based on gender. H3: Linking a market offering to a particular customer segment based on geographic location does not have any effect on its acceptance by another segment based on geographic location. Outline of the study Initially this study included the introduction to our research. In first chapter we tried to elaborate on our research topic. We discussed the issues that lead us towards our research problem. Furthermore we motioned our research problem statement along with the variables well study from our research problem. To test the variables we have formulated our hypotheses that well check in our result section. The second chapter brings about focus of research studies obtained from various research papers available. We did in depth study of around fifteen research papers related to our study and provided a brief discussion about their views regarding their respective field of study. This will provide a theoretical base for our study. The third chapter describes our research methods in detail. It will cover methods of our data collection. The sampling technique we used to collect our data from respondents, along with the sample size. Instrument of data collection that we have used and the validity and reliability of data collected from that instrument. The research model is represented in diagram and statistical technique that we have used is also discussed. The fourth section includes results of our study. This will be supported by statistical outputs of our data analysis and its interpretation to elaborate our results in theoretical terms. In the end of this section well provide hypotheses assessment summary. The fifth chapter will provide the conclusion on basis our results and discussions about it. The implications of our study on practical grounds. It will further indicate the areas of research that we can vision for further research. Definitions Market offering: any product tangible or intangible that is offered in market or customers. Market segmentation: Process of segmenting market into similar segments. Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Johnson (1971) found that market segmentation studies can produce result which indicates desired marketing action. Techniques which are presentably available can (1) construct a product space (2) discover the shape of distribution of consumers idea point throughout such a space, and (3) identify likely opportunity for new and modified produce. Wendell R. Smith (1956) found in his studies that market segmentation is done by viewing different preference of different groups. Consumers with similar requirements and preferences are considered as a segment. Segmentation in this way in done in order to satisfy consumer wants. Through market segmentation marketers can identify the required marketing action. These technique help to indentify new offering that could be designed. Different offerings could be designed according to the customer requirements. These groups with different requirements are then divided into segments in order to bring in new products in the market (Johnson, 1971). Market segmentation consists of viewing a heterogeneous market (one characterized by divergent demand) as a number of smaller homogeneous markets in response to differing product preferences among important market segments. It is attributable to the desires of consumers or users for more precise satisfaction of their varying wants. As market segmentation simultaneously addresses the roles of both marketers and customers, the segmentation concept has captured the attention of many scholars and practitioners alike in the field. Accordingly, within the last few years, a number of new developments have emerged in market segmentation. Segmentation is based upon development on the demand side of market and represents a rational and more precise adjustment of product marketing effort to consumer or user requirements.(Smith 1956). Segmentation helps companies to achieve competitive advantage., as different segments leads to different outcomes. Segmentation helps marketers identify the role of consumer preferences. This segmentation is based on the demand by different consumer groups. Marketers design market offerings by evaluating difference preference of different segments so that it could satisfy their needs. Age based segmentation is done by dividing people into similar age groups. The first age group that was born 1946 and 1964 are known as baby boomers I . They are more prone to make saving and questioning authority, so marketers have to design the product that has more cost to benefit ratio plus they have to provide more information about the offering. The second age based segment is baby boomer II 1964 and 1973 these are more towards spending then savings. N-Gens and Generation X segment are the once that are born between 1977 and 1987 and age from 1984 to 1994 respectively. They are more prone to spending money then saving. They prefer using internet as mean to socialize with people they know, so marketers need to produce product that close to technology. (Bidwell) The brand extension decision is strategically critical to an organization. Though an extension is a way to exploit perhaps the most important asset owned by a business, it also risks decreasing the value of that asset. The wrong extension could create damaging associations that may be expensive, or even impossible, to change. Ries and Trout (1981). For most brand extensions, a motivating rationale is that the original brand has associations that will be helpful to the extension. The impact of a brand association, however, can be harmful to the extension. For example, the Betty Crocker attribute association might be viewed as negative if the name were used on fashion product designed to appeal to young women. Zeithaml (1988) Brand extension is of the most dangerous decision that a company make. The motivation behind brand extension is that the existing parent brand helps the new brand to acquire its place in the market. But as it get positive effects from parent brand it could also put a negative effect on the parent brand. As in case of failure or success of brand extension it some how reflects the reliability and success of an existing parent brand. Unrelated extensions are some times might be disastrous for the company. Gender identity, sometimes referred to as an individuals psychological sex, has been defined as the fundamental, existential sense of ones maleness or femaleness. (Spence, 1984) A number of researchers have attempted to relate purchases of product types or specific brands to personality traits of the purchasers. These researchers advanced the basic hypothesis that individuals who consume in a certain manner will also manifest certain common personality characteristics, leading to prediction of consumer behavior. (Grubb Grathwohl, 1967) When attempting to measure whether segmentation has succeeded or failed. It is important to clarify the notion of success. Little research has dealt directly with the question of success and failure in segmentation research. (Dibb, 1998) With many questions regarding the relationship between marketing strategy and measurable business outcomes, proved the link with particular strategic decisions. It is difficult to achieve. (Dibb, 1998) The classic illustration of bad understanding of segmentation principles comes from the following quotation from a MD which emerges from a study examining the competitiveness of British industries. The study recommended that British businesses were reasonably weak in the application of a segmentation approach: I dont know if we segment the markets, or who we really place ourselves against the opposition. I expect our advertising agency knows. I think we are almost certainly up-market, because we advertise in some very posh magazines (Doyle et al., 1986) Some business view segmentation other as a tactical trick than as a staid strategic marketing tool. In some respect it has become industrys buzz expression. The cure for anything and everything. The attraction to view segmentation as an additional of marketings goodies in a kind of bitter shop mentality may be just too huge. Advertising executives sometimes criticize that product and brand managers view endorsement as a tactical answer to short-term declines in sales. When the months figures are reduced, advertising personnel complain that the managers visit the promotions bitter shop, with a steady stream of requirements for quick-hit campaign. Segmentation is sometimes view in the same manner, used tactically to deliver short-term payback, ignoring the need for a longer-term viewpoint. For customers the outcome can be a confusing mix of conflicting marketing programmers. (Dibb, 1998) Managers responsibility segmentation analysis for the first time often state surprise at the lack of sensible guidance and step-by step approach to help. This conversation begins by reviewing the kinds of question which practitioners ask when moving out segmentation study, then examines the degree to which available guidance matches up to these supplies. The following questions, which are characteristic of those asked by practitioners responsibility segmentation for the first time, are drawn from deliberations with managers at several divisions of an industrial chemical trade. (Dibb, 1998) The repayment of following a plan for the entirety of the segmentation project is apparent. Planning encourages the location of clear objectives, so that marketers found from the start exactly what they desire to achieve from the keep fit. This also increases the chance that measures will be designed to confirm that objectives have been achieved. (Doyle et al., 1986) Like the target of any market segment, racial targeting is done by brand manager to maximize sales and income. The basic rationale after this strategy is that a variety of promotion programs (unique combination of products, publicity, pack-ages, pricing, sharing, etc.), each intended to better match the psychology and happiness of a separable section, will eventually produce more sales and income than would a single undifferentiated mar-kiting agenda, so called mass promotion.( Polly, Lee and -Whitney, 1965) Marketing segmentation is ordinary among large consumer merchandise firms and has incurred criticism only when the product itself is challenging. The central concern, therefore, is not classically with the use of event or sex as a basis for marketplace analysis and idea. Selective targeting can be benign or even helpful, but only if the product is. When the mar-kiting process is deferential and appropriately customized it may be more applicable, efficient and may provide better service and settlement to targeted segments. But if the product is unpleasant, even ad-dative and deadly, segmentations competence delivers more death and illness, not more payback, and pro-vides damage, not a service. (Polly, Lee and -Whitney, 1965) Segmentation in commerce markets should reflect the association needs of the party involved and should not be based solely on the customary consumer market loom, which is primarily the collapse method. Through use of both the collapse and the build-up approach, a more correct, in-depth, and potentially more gainful view of industrial market can be achieve (Crittenden, Crittenden, and Musky, 2002). However, evils remain concerning the practical Application and completion of B2B segmentation. Managers account that the analysis process are reasonably clear, but it is not clear how they be supposed to choose and evaluate flanked by the market segments which have been resolute. (Nude and Cheng, 2003). Much segmentation theory has been developed during the period when transactional marketing was the principal approach to marketing, rather than the more relational approaches adopted in todays service-dominated environment. Under these circumstances, the allocation of resources to achieve the designated marketing mix goals was of key importance. (Naudà © and Cheng, 2003). Evils with the segmentation literature debate with a range of market practitioners from industry as varied as industrial substance and car mechanism to distillers and nibble foods are quick to condemn the convenience and ease of use of the so-called academic writing. The use of technical and turgid speech is a particularly common disparagement, though not unique to the segmentation literature. While it is beyond the scope of this piece to conduct a complete examination of general question about the style and arrangement of academic literature, it is important to discover issues which are specific to the segmentation text. One of the most fundamental concerns is that the writing reflects a inlet between educational and practitioner needs and that academics have a research agenda which sets different kinds of priorities to those of practitioners. A second area of worry is that the literature fails to believe some of the sensible constraints faced by marketers seeking to implement segme ntation advance. (Dibb, 1998) Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 Method of Data Collection The method of data collection for this research will be Personal Surveying Technique which is highly effective for this research study. As far as the procedure is concerned for the collection of data. Firstly we will visit respondents according to the proposed sample size and ask them to solve the questionnaire for the research study. If respondents have the time they can fill the questionnaire at the moment in any other case they can fill at later time or date and the researcher can gather the questionnaire upon the set time from the respondent. 3.2 Sampling Technique Researcher proposes to use Non probability based sampling, where the researcher selects the sample based on convenience sampling, data will be mostly based on questionnaire since the researchers dont have that much time and is short of resources. 3.3 Sample size   Number of respondents for this study is 250 users for around 14 different brands which are gender, age or geography based linked. 3.4 Instrument for Data Collection   Self administered questionnaire will be used to collect data from the correspondents, which will have ample number of questions to address all the variables of the study. Various options would also be assigned to each question to measure the variables. 3.4.1 Validity and Reliability Test The validity and reliability of our data that we gathered in our study is given by the following cron-batch alpha statistical test. TABLE 3.4.1 Reliability and Validity Test Case Processing Summary N % Cases Valid 246 98.4 Excludeda 4 1.6 Total 250 100.0 a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure. Reliability Statistics Cronbachs Alpha N of Items .769 60 Here the value of Cronbachs Alpha is 0.769 that is about 77%. This confirms that our data is 77% valid and can be consider as reliable data for this study. 3.5 Research Model Developed Figure 3.5 This model refers to our variables and the effect that we have studies in our research. 3.6 Statistical Technique We have used custom table percentage method in which we have developed combine effect of customers perception about the product designed for and who will use the product in percentage terms. CHAPTER4: RESULTS 4.1 Findings and Interpretations of the Results Table 4.1.1 Zong Lahore Unlimited Custom Tables Who else can use People of Karachi People of Lahore People of Pakistan Any other Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for Karachi 3.6% 1.2% 1.6% .0% Lahore 5.2% 55.6% 18.8% .0% All pakistan .8% 4.0% 8.4% .4% Any other .0% .0% .4% .0% Table 4.1.2 Ufone-Prepaid Karachi Offer Custom Tables Who else can use People of Karachi People of Lahore People of Pakistan Any other Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for Karachi 58.0% 6.4% 18.8% .4% Lahore 2.8% .0% 1.6% .0% All pakistan 4.0% .4% 6.8% .0% Any other .0% .4% .4% .0% Table 4.1.3 Jazz- Karachi Bachat Offer Custom Tables Who else can use People of Karachi People of Lahore People of Pakistan Any other Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for Karachi 57.6% 4.8% 20.8% 1.2% Lahore 1.2% 1.2% .4% .0% All pakistan 4.0% .8% 6.8% .4% Any other .0% .4% .0% .0% 14.00 .4% .0% .0% .0% Table 4.1.4 Zong- Karachi Unlimited Custom Tables Who else can use People of Karachi People of Lahore People of Pakistan Any other Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for Karachi 62.0% 3.6% 17.2% .0% Lahore 1.2% .4% 1.6% .0% All pakistan 3.6% .4% 9.6% .4% Any other .0% .0% .0% .0% Table 4.1.5 Omore Karachi ka dil khusheyon se fill Custom Tables Who else can use People of Karachi People of Lahore People of Pakistan Any other Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for Karachi 42.0% 2.8% 22.0% .8% Lahore .4% 2.4% .8% .0% All pakistan 2.8% 2.4% 22.0% .4% Any other .8% .0% .4% .0% The above mentioned tables are related to geographic location linked to a particular segment. As a common result we can justify that even there is a lot of variation in customers perception and acceptance but if we concentrate on where majority lies we can conclude that a product that is linked to a particular geographic location is used by the customers belonging to that location. Hence the other geographic segment does not accept the marketing offer linked to another geographic segment. Table 4.1.6 Jang- Bachon ka jang Custom Tables Who else can use 10 yrs or below 11-18 yrs 19-26 yrs above 26 All ages Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for 10 yrs or below 18.5% 18.1% 2.8% .4% 3.2% 11-18 yrs 12.0% 19.7% 7.6% .4% 7.2% 19-26 yrs 1.6% .4% 2.8% .8% 2.4% above 26 .4% .4% .8% .4% .0% Table 4.1.7 Jang- Bachon ka jang Custom Tables Who else can use 10 yrs or below 11-18 yrs 19-26 yrs above 26 All ages Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for 10 yrs or below 18.5% 18.1% 2.8% .4% 3.2% 11-18 yrs 12.0% 19.7% 7.6% .4% 7.2% 19-26 yrs 1.6% .4% 2.8% .8% 2.4% above 26 .4% .4% .8% .4% .0% Table 4.1.8 Djuice- its fun to be young Custom Tables Who else can use 10 yrs or below 11-18 yrs 19-26 yrs above 26 All ages Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for 10 yrs or below 1.6% .4% .4% .0% .0% 11-18 yrs 2.8% 11.2% 14.8% .4% 5.6% 19-26 yrs .8% 22.8% 19.6% 6.0% 11.6% above 26 .0% .4% .8% .4% .4% Table 4.1.9 HBL- Young Savers Account (upto 18 years) Custom Tables Who else can use 10 yrs or below 11-18 yrs 19-26 yrs above 26 All ages 14.00 Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for 10 yrs or below 2.4% 4.4% 1.6% .0% .0% .0% 11-18 yrs 16.0% 35.2% 11.2% .8% 4.0% .4% 19-26 yrs .4% 4.0% 11.2% 2.8% 2.0% .0% above 26 .0% .4% 1.2% 1.2% .8% .0% Table 4.1.10 Dawn- Young World Custom Tables Who else can use 10 yrs or below 11-18 yrs 19-26 yrs above 26 All ages 41.00 Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for 10 yrs or below 7.6% 10.0% .4% .0% 1.6% .0% 11-18 yrs 14.0% 20.0% 13.2% 2.0% 9.6% .4% 19-26 yrs 1.2% 4.0% 6.0% 2.4% 2.4% .0% above 26 .8% .8% 1.2% .8% 1.6% .0% In this section of our instrument we presented the market offering linked to a particular customer segment based on age group. The general result of all 4 market offerings is showing that there is a significant variation in usage of product designed for a particular age by other age groups. Hence we can conclude that a market offering linked to a particular age group is accepted by other age groups. Table 4.1.11 Garnier Men Custom Tables Who else can use Male only female only both genders Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for Male only 66.8% 4.0% 14.2% female only 3.2% 2.0% 2.4% both genders 1.2% .4% 5.7% Table 4.1.12 Jazz-Ladies Package Custom Tables Who else can use Male only female only both genders Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for Male only 6.4% 2.8% 1.2% female only 2.8% 31.2% 29.6% both genders 3.2% 4.0% 18.8% Table 4.1.13 Gillette- The best a Man can get Custom Tables Who else can use Male only female only both genders Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for Male only 68.1% 4.0% 10.5% female only 4.0% 2.8% 2.0% both genders 2.8% .4% 5.2% Table 4.1.13 Head and Shoulder- for Men Custom Tables Who else can use Male only female only both genders Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for Male only 41.5% 5.6% 25.4% female only 4.8% .4% 1.2% both genders 2.8% 2.0% 16.1% Table 4.1.14 Ufone- Ladies Package Custom Tables Who else can use Male only female only both genders Table N % Table N % Table N % Designed for Male only 4.4% 3.2% 2.0% female only 3.2% 33.1% 26.2% both genders 3.6% 3.6% 20.6% In this last section we presented market offerings that are linked to a particular gender. In this it is not justifiable to give a general consensus for all the 5 products we presented. There is a different pattern of behavior that is identifies and it is with respect to the nature of the product. Hence we can conclude that for cosmetic or body care products the market offering linked to a particular gender is not used by other gender and hence not accepted. However in case of telecommunication packages, a market offering linked to a particular gender is accepted by other gender and they can use it. 4.2 Hypotheses Assessment Summary Table 4.2 Hypotheses Assessment HYPOTHESES SUMMARY ASSESMENT H1:- Market offering linked to a particular customer segment based on age does not have any effect on another customer segment based on age. With respect to age we have seen there is a lot of variation in usage of product by other age groups. H1 accepted H2:- Market offering linked to a particular customer segment based on geographic location does not have any effect on another customer segment based on geographic location. With respect to geographic location prominent behavior is that a market offering is used by same geographic location its linked to rather than other geographic locations. H2 rejected H3:- Market offering linked to a particular customer segment based on gender does not have any effect on another customer segment based on gender. In this the usage of a product by other gender is according to the nature of product however the prominent behavior suggest that the product linked to a particular gender is not used by opposite gender H3 accepted CHAPTER 5: CONLUSION, DISCUSSION, IMPLICATION AND FU

Monday, August 19, 2019

Critique of the Movie Matchstick Men :: Movie Film Essays

Critique of the Movie Matchstick Men I recently read a review of Matchstick Men by Nicolas Bardot who said of the movie: â€Å"very touching but lacking a certain panache.† The Matchstick Men starring Nicolas Cage, Sam Rockwell, and Alison Lohman, is the story of Roy (Cage) who with his â€Å"numerous disorders† and his partner Frank (Rockwell) tries to pull off a con job. Unfortunately, Roy’s daughter Angela (Lohman) suddenly shows up and things don’t go exactly as planned. Although Roy’s â€Å"disorders† are not mentioned specifically, I can’t imagine they would make his job easy in the first place, but throw a long lost teenage daughter into the mix and I can not wait to see what happens next. Matchstick Men is an adaptation from an Eric Garcia novel and runs one hour and fifty six minutes. Bardot seems to vary on his opinion of this movie. He makes special note of John Mathieson’s photography declaring it as â€Å"superb,† as well as expressing delight in the soundtrack which was compiled by Hans Zimmer. Bardot seems to praise the movie for it’s depiction of anti-heroes, yet at the same time says that at times it becomes â€Å"slightly dull and uninteresting.† Despite his lack of glowing praise for the picture, Bardot expands upon the â€Å"expansive and spectacular† past pictures by Ridley Scott, the director. Having directed such films as Gladiator and Black Hawk Down among others, Bardot seems to think Scott has found a hidden talent in his new genre, comedy, declaring that his work on this picture is â€Å"marvelous.† Although Bardot mentions the performances of Nicolas Cage, Sam Rockwell, and Alison Lohman, I wish he had gone into more detail as to what was good about them, or in Cage’s case â€Å"unnerving.† He also refrains from mentioning other details such as setting, costumes, and camera angles which I would find interesting.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Violent Athletes Essay -- Essays Papers

Violent Athletes When Indiana Pacer, Ron Artest, charged into the stands with forty-five seconds remaining in a NBA game, last November, between the Pacers and the Detroit Pistons, the shock waves reverberated immediately. Video clips showed Artest pummeling Pistons fans with his fists. Replays also revealed that it was fans, throwing a cup of beer at Artest, which sent the NBA superstar on his rampage. It was one of the ugliest incidents ever seen in American professional sports. Sports fans and non-sports fans alike witnessed the chaotic outbreak of violence from the serenity of their own living rooms. NBA junkies saw the scene unfold during the game's live broadcast on cable TV. Sports fans caught highlights of the melee on ESPN's SportsCenter. American housewives experienced the outrage as they watched their local ten o'clock evening news. For weeks this basketball brawl was not only headlines news on sports pages but it also became the focus of mainstream American debate. Everyone had an opinion on who was to blame: It was the players' who began the brawl on the court and then took it into the stands. It was the fans who provoked multimillionaire athletes into anger by throwing debris down on them. It was the Palace at Auburn Hills' security who failed to bring the situation under control. It was the NBA for encouraging such thuggish behavior from its players and then allowing their violence to take place on live TV. Opinion makers from all perspectives weighed in on the issue. Newspaper columnists and TV talking heads kept the brawl in the national spotlight. Some condemned the incident; some excused it, and some just wondered what all the fuss was over. In the end five Pacers players and seven Pistons fans were charged... ...at they agree on. Or at least one that they are not so strongly divided over. Hopefully this will help strengthen the debate both in the media and outside of it, as American's try to figure out if athletes really are good role models for our youth. Works Cited BasketBrawl.US. http://www.basketbrawl.us. Limbaugh, Rush. "Time for NBA to Stop Pretending." 8 December 2004. http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/home/estack/time_for_nba_to_stop_pretending.guest.html Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. Penguin Books, New York: 1986. Simpson, Carole. "Where Are the Role Models?" ABC NEWS. 28 November 2004. http://search.abcnews.go.com/US/id=2800796. Accessed: 10 March 2005. Traudt, Paul J. Media, Audiences, Effects: An Introduction to the study of media content and audience analysis. Pearson Education Inc.: 2005.

Economic Analysis for St Andrews New Brunswick :: essays papers

Economic Analysis for St Andrews New Brunswick Community and Economic Analysis for St. Andrews, New Brunswick St. Andrews is a small coastal town in New Brunswick, situated at the end of a peninsula jutting out into the magnificent Bay of Fundy. The Town is conveniently located 30 km from St. Stephen and the Maine border, 100 km from Saint John and 120 km from Fredericton. The Town was founded in 1783, by Loyalists escaping persecution south of the border, on government land grants provided by Governor Parr. St. Andrews grew and flourished for much of the next century and was an important harbour with a healthy shipbuilding industry. At the turn of the last century the Town still prospered. Ship building was a dying industry, but with the building of the Algonquin Hotel in 1889, the Town became an important summer resort town for the â€Å"rich†, especially after the CPR took it over at the turn of the century. The Town of St. Andrews is well preserved and many layers of history are visible starting from the late 1700s. Many of the commercial buildings on Water Street date from the 1800s. The Town has many other buildings of architectural significance including The Shiretown Inn (c.1881), The Court House (c.1840) The Greenock Church (c.1824) and The Block House (c.1812). After the original Algonquin Hotel was destroyed by fire, the existing popular resort was rebuilt in 1915. St. Andrews’ location, as well as historic and architectural attributes, continue to contribute greatly to the tourism industry’s stability and today, tourism remains one of the Town’s most important industries. The seasonal aspect of this industry is very apparent as the number of residents nearly double during the summer months. Cultural activities in the Town are fostered by several organizations that offer courses in the performing arts, fine art, fine crafts and natural history. A number of art galleries and studios in and around St. Andrews offer works from maritime, Inuit and our renowned local artists. St. Andrews has a thriving commercial and service sector. Townspeople encourage development of this type of business to contribute to the economy, while maintaining its â€Å"smokestack free† business environment. Also, there is an abundance of land for medium to heavy industry in nearby Champlain Industrial Park. There are educational and research facilities in St.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Ageism in the Workplace – Essay

FYS 1101-41 Intro to Social Justice and Diversity Ageism in the Workplace When it comes to age, the first thoughts that come to mind are the young, old, and in between. Through differentiating among the three, society has formed ageism. Ageism is a type of discrimination based on the stereotypes associated with age groups. Relating to judgments of lifestyles, personalities, and abilities based on age, ageism functions to strip individuals of their rights. It has been, and continues to be, a rising issue in the corporate world.Ageism can impact any individual, especially in the workplace, where individuals can be at a disadvantage for a variety of reasons. Considering the fact that this type of discrimination affects people of all ages, ageism is most easily discussed when divided into three groups: * Young age (16-24 years) * Middle age (25-49 years) * Older age (50- over State Pension Age) The ideas and beliefs of young adults are often discriminated against because societal norms h ave put forth the notion that their ideas are less important because they have less experience.Governments also manifest ageism by putting age requirements on job eligibility. For example, in Massachusetts, all teens under the age of 18 must complete a work permit application and obtain a work permit before starting a new job. The state has also put a limit on the number of hours permitted to work each week. With this restriction, society segregates old people from young people. Also, the idea that eighteen is the quintessential age to begin working is simply a fabricated standard based on the general behavior and maturity of 18 years olds.Even though it is not clearly visible, ageism is still present and is continuing to affect the working class. On the other hand, many jobs want to set a specific image, aiming to hire young and attractive employees to better appeal to customers. For example, the retail store, Abercrombie and Fitch specifically looks to hire young, attractive emplo yees who will represent the style found in the stores. Meanwhile younger age groups are sometimes paid less even though they are performing similar jobs to older age groups. Some employers take advantage of the fact that younger ge groups are inexperienced by paying them minimum wage and sometimes even less. As young adults are new to the workplace, they accept this type of treatment because of their need for money. In society today, younger aged people are becoming more and more independent and no longer want to rely on their parents for support. Sometimes the case is that parents do not want to support them. Because of this, they need all the money they can to survive. When applying for certain jobs, young adults can have all the necessary requirements that fit the job aside from the required age.Young adults may be as responsible and may value the desire for further advancement in their job as much as middle and older aged groups, yet they are automatically denied positions based on the simple number that is age. Young adults are just as, if not more, capable than their elders in that they are more energetic and physically strong, enabling them to work more hours and complete the task just as any of the other age groups. The bulk of the workforce falls under the middle-aged category.One’s professional peak is said to occur through their 30s and 40s. This being said, we can conclude that the middle age group is least affected by age discrimination. The stereotype is that they are more qualified for the job because they are more experienced, focused and ambitious towards their desired career while still being physically capable of benefiting the job. Within the age limits of this group, it can be said that gender also leads to ageism when women are perceived as becoming older workers at an earlier age than men.Society has created a norm that perceives the older age group as the weak and incompetent. In Older Employees: New Roles for Valued Resources, à ¢â‚¬Å"age stereotypes depict older people as frail and fragile, as having lost the vitality and energy necessary to make a full fledge commitment to their careers† (Rosen, B. , & Jerdee, T. , 1985). In the work field, managers assume that older employees are less motivated to improve their job skills compared to younger employees; therefore managers are less likely to hire them.On the contrary, many employers look to hire older people because they feel that older people are more experienced in the work place, which means that no additional training is necessary. Furthermore, employers rarely increase older people’s pay because they are less likely to switch careers. The younger groups have more opportunity to further their careers and hence, need motivation to stay loyal to their employer. Although there have been vast improvements in medicine and increases in life span, the elderly are considered to be frail and more apt to get injured or fall victim to illness.This id ea affects the working culture because this view towards older people has not changed, â€Å"This way of thinking-and acting- has been expressed in discriminatory practices such as (a) limiting or excluding older workers from substantive job responsibilities and activities, (b) removing older employees from the workforce through negative performance evaluations or through encouraging their retirement; (c) implementing insensitive, poorly conceived policies; (d) limiting older workers’ access to job-related education, career development opportunities, or employee benefits; and (e) refusing to hire or promote older workers† (Hedge J. Borman W. & Lammlein S, 2006). Generally, the idea is that â€Å"older people [are treated] less favorably than others, perhaps because of an idea that such people have outlived the useful part of their lives and that society should somehow allocate its resources to those that have something left to contribute. Older people may be segregate d and regarded as a burden or a drain on the resources of the community†, generating ageism to come into effect (Malcolm, 2007). Older workers face ageist attitudes and age discrimination. Ageism plays a harmful role in the workplace.Discrimination of age is illegal under both the Federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act. However, these laws are geared towards the elderly and offer no protection for young workers. The law of â€Å"The Age of Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967† protects individuals who are forty years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age. Not only is ageism evident in the workforce, but also it is also present in the government. There is no law whatsoever protecting young age groups. Some might say that these instances of unfairness occurring in the workplace seem acceptable.However, discriminating against someone based on how old and young they are is never justifiable. It is not ones age that determines their capability and qualifications but their competence. â€Å"Competence, not age, should determine whether a person should keep a job. To do otherwise, is to squander one of our nations most precious resources and to hasten the day of the end of those who are denied the experience that would keep them vitally and for a long time alive. †(Rosen, B. , & Jerdee, T. H. (1985). pg. 49) Age should not be a factor in the work force for many reasons.The young, the middle-aged, and the elderly all need their place in the job market. It is unfair to discriminate against those who are fully capable of completing the task efficiently entirely based on age. If employers continue to follow these trends, we will run into many problems. As the baby boom generation gets older, there will be an increase in the older working group. There is no way to prevent this and because baby boomers make up a large percentage of the population, it could create economi c issues if we don’t find ways to accommodate the needs of the elderly.Otherwise, we will have fewer workers and less wisdom to guide future generations. â€Å"The use of older workers can help organizations meet their growing and changing company objectives in a global economy while providing meaningful work rolls for middle-aged and older Americans. † (Hedge J. , Borman W. & Lammlein S, 2006). On the other side of the spectrum, young people are very valuable to the corporate world. We need the fresh ideas of young adults who are excited about starting new careers and motivated to advance their knowledge.It is also important that we encourage the independence of young people by trusting them to be responsible instead of doubting their abilities. Hedge, J. W. , Borman, W. C. , & Lammlein, S. E. (2006). The Aging workforce: realities, myths, and implications for organizations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Rosen, B. , & Jerdee, T. H. (1985). Older employees: new roles for valued resources. USA: Dow Jones-Erwin. Sargeant, M. (2007). Age discrimination in employment. Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/emmanuel/docDetail. action? docID=10209153

Friday, August 16, 2019

History of Baseball Informative Speech

Did you know Babe Ruth wore a cabbage leaf under his hat to keep him cool? Did you know the odds of a fan getting hit by a baseball are 300,000 to 1? And did u know the shortest baseball player that ever played was recorded to be 3 feet and 7 inches? These are interesting facts I stumbled upon research, but I bet most of you did not know. There are many interesting facts that people like you and I don’t know about baseball throughout its history. Have you ever asked yourself where did baseball come from, who created it, or even ask what baseball went through in the past to receive its highly respected title?We watch baseball games for the sake of enjoyment like every other sport but most people, like myself, don’t know how it all began. For the past week I researched various websites about the history of baseball and found interesting facts about how baseball was created, what baseball itself has gone through up until today’s date to earn the title of â€Å"The American past time†, and how special its Hall of Fame really is. Babe Ruth once said that baseball was is, and always will be the greatest sport ever played.Baseball athletes and the baseball community as a whole continues to grow year after year as young athletes and sports fans gain respect for the hardship and practically year round battles players endure for the love of the game. From the little league series held annually in Williams Port Pennsylvania all the way to the major league, where every player has the same dream to hoist the world series Commissioners Trophy in front of their home crowd as they cruise the streets of their home city during the traditional World Series Championship parade. Baseball is based off of the English games of rounder’s.Alexander Cartwright founded it here in the United States. He would host games at Elysian Fields in New Jersey. The first major league wasn’t created until 1871 and it was called the National association. Baseb all began as what is known as the â€Å"Dead ball† era. It was a time period of larger fields, less home runs, and speed was a vital importance. The ball that was used to pitch with was typically used to the point where it began to unravel clever tricks. With that ball pitchers were allowed to scuff, cut, and spit on it, affectively being able to make the ball â€Å"dance† and harder to hit.People put the end of the â€Å"dead ball† era on the 1919 season when Babe Ruth hit an unheard of 29 homeruns. People began to pack the stands to see the long ball, so owners decreased the dimensions of the fields thus increasing the odds of someone hitting a homerun. They also added rules to the pitchers against scuffing and cutting, and the balls were switched out more frequently too. The MLB didn’t start until 1876 with the National league and then they brought in the American league in 1901. The first World Series was held in 1903 with the Boston Americans beating the Pittsburg pirates 5-3.Baseball hasn’t always been glorified as it was though. It experienced rough times in the 1940’s when African Americans weren’t allowed to play in the major league but thanks to Jackie Robinson and Larry Doby, they eliminated the racial discrimination in baseball and outside the baseball world. Baseball has also experienced rough times during the WWII and Vietnam era. During the time of war, players would go and serve in the military and baseball would have to replace them with less talented players. But Upon return, baseball returned to its once prestige self.The major league today consists of 30 teams. 29 spread across the U. S. and 1, the Toronto Blue Jays in Canada. We are now in what is called â€Å"the power age† because homeruns are much higher than what its worth and pitching is not as great. Every baseball player dreams to have their name put in the national baseball Hall of Fame. The Hall of fame is located in Cooperst own New York. Several feet’s are intoed there. 27 players hit 3000 hits in their careers. The most recent was Houston Astros Craig Biggio and only 3 players Hank Aaron, Babe Ruth, and Barry Bonds have more than 700 homeruns.But it’s not all about the hitters. There are great pitching sets Too. Only 2 pitchers have more than 400 wins and also there are only 4 with more than 4000 strikeouts. One of which Nolan Ryan, has 5000. So as you can see Baseball is a growing sport from the dead ball era all the way until the World Series today. Baseball has a long history. Understanding where baseball came from, what it went through, who created it, and mainly knowing its history and its impact it made is important to know in order to understand baseball.Work cited Wikipedia contributors. â€Å"History of baseball in the United States. †Ã‚  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 8 Oct. 2012. Web. 9 Oct. 2012. â€Å"Weird Facts, Interesting Fact s, Fun Fact, Trivia, Photos and Videos. †Ã‚  Weird Facts. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"History. †Ã‚  Baseball Hall of Fame |. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 Oct. 2012. .