Structure of Personal Narrative - 797 Words

CLRC Writing Center Structure of a Personal Narrative Essay â€Å"Narrative† is a term more commonly known as â€Å"story.† Narratives written for college or personal narratives, tell a story, usually to some point, to illustrate some truth or insight. Following are some tools to help you structure your personal narrative, breaking it down into parts. The â€Å"Hook† Start your paper with a statement about your story that catches the reader’s attention, for example: a relevant quotation, question, fact, or definition. Introduction Set the Scene Provide the information the reader will need to understand the story: Who are the major characters? When and where is it taking place? Is it a story about something that happened to you, the†¦show more content†¦Para. 1: Beginning Action Topic sentence: Detail 1. Detail 2. Detail 3. Para. 2: Middle Action Topic sentence: Detail 1. Detail 2. Detail 3. Para 3: End Action Topic sentence: Detail 1. Detail 2. Note: Don’t forget to â€Å"Show, Don’t Tell†: List sounds, smells, sights, tastes, and textures that you remember. Your experience is your â€Å"evidence†. Use transition words to mark the passage of time. Detail 3. Conclusion: Analyze and reflect on the action of the story, including how the events are significant to you. Writing Strategies to Consider First Person vs. Third Person Narratives are a mode of writing in which writers often use first person perspective (â€Å"I saw†, â€Å"I did†). Check with your instructor to determine whether you can use â€Å"I† when telling your story. *Verb Tense: Reporting vs. Reflecting The events of most narratives are told in past tense: â€Å"As I hiked, I felt the warm sun on my back.† Use present tense when reflecting on the events: â€Å"Now I know how unprepared I was†. Notice the change in tense in this sentence as the writer reflects on the past event, from theShow MoreRelatedHow Writing Is An Amalgamation Of Different Conventions Stuck Together1578 Words   |  7 Pageshowever the effectiveness and the proper use of these could be called into question. Two specific examples of my essays, the personal narrative, and the argumentative essay, supporting details and evidence, consistent organization, topic sentences and theses, and the coherence, along with conciseness and clarity, are all major points. However, where the personal narrative excelled in the organization, support and evidence, vivid details, and style, it struggled with topic sentences and coherenceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Peppermint Candy809 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sopyonje, the narrative structure is linear, which the cause leads to the effect. Peppermint Candy narrators the personal narrative of Youngho by a series of episodic event. 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The whole class was thrown for a curve ball when we were assigned Knoblauch for our first assignment. After rereading the material a few times, I began to understand what Knoblauch was trying to convey to us. His argument states that there isn’t a definite definition of literacy. He breaks literacy into four different categories. Functional literacy, critical literacy, liberal literacy and cultural literacy. Out of all the categories, I connected to literacy as personal growthRead MoreWuthering Heights - Narrative Structure Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesHow effective is the narrative structure in Wuthering Heights? Wuthering Heights has a unique and complex narrative structure. There are the two main narrators, Lockwood and Nelly, they each are eyewitness narrators as they have took part in the story they describe. The novel is organised in such a way that it is a narrative within a narrative, what some critics would call â€Å"Chinese boxes† or frame narrative. Lockwood is used to open and end the novel, Bronte uses him to represents the outer frameRead MoreRebecca Skloot s The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks999 Words   |  4 PagesImmortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, the structure plays a crucial role in showing how such obstacles in the Lacks family live as eternally as the famous HeLa cells. Skloot uses her structure to entwine three separate storylines, all set in very different time periods, into a coherent narrative that demonstrates the real immortality of Henrietta Lacks and all that she left behind. Henrietta faces challenges in the hands of medicine that, as emphasized by the novel’s structure, still exist today. When she visitsRead MoreNarrative Is The Root Of Some Fields1510 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative is the root of some fields which includes education, rhetoric, literature, religion, law, history: culture (Wilson, 1989). 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The Geography Of Ancient Egypt - 1510 Words

Ancient Egypt was one of the most powerful and innovative civilizations. As one of the six civilizations to arise independently, Egypt eventually became one of the most influential nations that lasted over three thousand years, from 3000 B.C to around 30 B.C Egypt boasted of strong leaders, a rich culture, a hierarchical society, and the source of much of it’s wealth, the Nile. The Nile provided the Egyptians with necessities like food, water, transportation, building supplies, and more. Using the resources they were provided with and their knowledge, the Egyptians were able to create a unique civilization that has been able to be preserved and acknowledged as one of the most powerful civilizations to ever exist on Earth. The geography†¦show more content†¦In addition, the nile flooded annually renewing the lands with rich black soil and helped support life and the growth of a great civilization (English-Online). All aspects of the geography of Ancient Egypt were impe rative for it to evolve and prosper as an Ancient civilization. The government of Ancient Egypt brought order and stability to the civilization, while also being combined with religion. Egypt’s government revolved around a pharaoh, who was seen as the head of state and the divine representation of the gods on earth. In order to ensure the welfare of the people, the Pharaoh would have advisors, priests, officials, and administrators. The land of Egypt was divided into 42 Nomes, or city-states, which were led by Noble governors who were appointed by the Pharaoh (TimeMaps). The legal system of Ancient Egypt was based on common sense and followed the teaching of Ma’at, the goddess of justice. Taxation was also heavily implemented on the Ancient Egyptians to allow the wealthier people of society to maintain lavish lifestyles (Aldokkan). The military was not a big part of Egyptian life, and was not very advanced. In ancient Egypt, the rulers were usually the son of the curre nt pharaoh or the declared heirs. Pharaohs had a main responsibility, to maintain universal harmony, using their absolute power. Therefore, rulers in Ancient Egypt were more assertive and self-assured than harsh. To reiterate the combination of religion and

Therapy Management Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Rheumatoid Arthritis is the most common signifier of inflammatory arthritis which was described in item for the first clip at the terminal of the eighteenth century. This systemic disease affects all cultural groups with the peak incidence in the fifth and 6th decennaries of life. It is characterized by proliferating and destructive alterations in the synovial membrane, periarticular constructions, skeletal musculuss and perineural sheaths of the host. We will write a custom essay sample on Therapy Management Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, the affected articulations become fibrosed or ankylosed because of destructive alterations in the joint construction [ 1 ] . Epidemiology The prevalence of the RA is about 1 % in the general population in the United States. Prevalence is similar worldwide. It affects all cultural groups with the peak incidence in adult females between the ages of 30 and 50. Disorder occurs three times more often in adult females than in work forces ) . Sing the significance and impact of RA is vitally of import, because it is a progressive destructive disease which leads to cram malformation, joint devastation and lasting disablement of the affected articulations [ 2, 3 ] . Pathophysiology Even though the exact cause is still unknown, research workers have found the disease is caused by auto-antibodies which affect synovial tissue. Most of the instances ( 70 % to 90 % ) are caused by the Rheumatoid Factor ( an autoantibody ) matching with IgG, itself an antibody. Most of the balance is caused by the arthritic factors attaching to IgM, IgA or IgE. This immune composite, which is a step of these arthritic factors, are engulfed by WBCs and luxuriant destructive muramidases within the lysosomes. Procollagenase, an enzyme released by neutrophils, is converted into active collagenase by the synovial fluid. Collagenase so splits the collagen of the articular surface gristle and leads to primary synovitis. This primary synovitis gives rise to a pannus which in bend signifiers villi. These villi migrate toward the joint doing its devastation and anchylosis [ 1, 4 ] . In add-on, some research workers say the disease is influenced by familial, environmental, infective factors, and autoimmunity [ 3 ] . Diagnosis The right diagnosing is the key to the planning of intervention at any phase of a disease. Diagnosis of RA is suspected chiefly by detecting, forenoon articulation stiffness, inflammation and puffiness of the articulations of more than 6 hebdomads continuance impacting the little articulations of the custodies and pess symmetrically, synovial puffiness and hypertrophy with an infiltrate of assorted inflammatory cells including lymph cells and macrophages. Presence of serum rheumatoid factor, radiological characteristics of RA and periarticular osteoporosis are the characteristic characteristics of the disease, apart from other characteristics such as febrility, weariness, weight loss, vasculitis and arthritic nodules. keratoconjunctivitis, dry eyes, and dry oral cavity, are excess articular and systemic characteristics of RA. Confirmation of the diagnosing is done by blood trials, joint aspiration and radiologic imagination [ 1, 2 ] . Orthopedic malformations of Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis can impact any joint in the organic structure. But it involves the peripheral articulations more frequently and really seldom affects the larger articulations. Deformities in the manus Symmetrical peripheral puffiness of phalangeal and interphalangeal articulations. Ulnar divergence of the manus is due to rupture of the collateral ligaments at the metacarpophalangeal articulations. This leads to stealing of the extensor sinews from their channels towards the ulnar side. Boutonniere A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s ( button hole ) malformation is due to the rupture of cardinal enlargement of the fingers ensuing in flexure at the proximal interphalangeal articulations. Swan cervix malformation is due to the rupture or stretching of the palmar home base of the proximal interphalangeal articulations which enables the sinews to steal towards the dorsal side. Here there is hyperextension of the PIP articulation and flexure of the distal interphalangeal articulations. Trigger fingers and the trigger pollex are the nodules over the sinews. Deformities in the pes RA affects the whole pes which consists of forefoot mid pes and back pes. If it is in the fore pes patients may develop, hallux valgus malformation of the great toe, claw toes, callus over the back of the pes and the sole, broadening of the fore pes and the heel may demo valgus malformation. Deformities of the other articulations In the articulatio genus, patient may develop hempen anchylosis or bony anchylosis due to widespread devastation of the articular gristle by the pannus tissue. And besides causes the followerss such as flexure and valgus malformation of the articulatio genus. Management Pharmacological direction Under pharmacological direction, Analgesics NSAIDs and DMARDs are the chief drug classs that are ordering for the intent of cut down the patterned advance of the disease and the symptoms such as redness, swelling and hurting. Normally Azathioprine, Cyclophospamide, Ciclosporin, Hydroxychloroquine, Leflunomide, Methotrexate, Penicillamine, Sulfasalazine are the major drugs which use for the direction of RA [ 3, 4 ] . Physiotherapeutic and rehabilitative direction in Rheumatoid Arthritis The chief intent of physical therapy direction for RA is to accomplish hurting alleviation and prevent joint harm and the functional loss. Physiotherapeutic and rehabilitative applications have significantly augmented medical therapy by cut downing the disabilities in day-to-day life for patients with RA. The basic PT program of attention for the patients who have RA include educate the patient, relieve hurting and musculus guarding, promote relaxation, minimise joint stiffness, maintain available gesture, minimise musculus wasting, and prevent malformation by protecting joint constructions. Inform the patient on importance of remainder, joint protection, energy preservation, and public presentation of scope of gesture ( ROM ) are the inaugural stairss of the patient instruction. Besides teach place exercising plan and activity alteration that conserve energy and minimise emphasis to vulnerable articulations will cut down the patterned advance of the disease. Application of physical therapy modes and intercessions include cold / heat applications, electrical stimulations, soft massage, immobilise in splint, relaxation technique and hydropathy are the intervention techniques which use to alleviate hurting, musculus guarding and to advance relaxation. Even though there are several physiotherapy agents that normally used in day-to-day pattern, most frequently their usage is based on the personal experiences of the physical therapist [ 5 ] . Cold is one of the most normally used physical agents which is utilizing in assorted types of creaky conditions particularly during the acute phase. Applications of cold battalions, Ice, cold air are some of the different methods of using cold therapy. Harmonizing to the pathology of RA, the enzymes ( gristle – destructing enzymes ) such as collagenase, elastaase, spreading factor and peptidase which are doing devastation of the joint construction are impacting by the temperature of local articulations. The normal intra-articular temperature is 33 0C, but it may be lift up to 36 0C in patient with RA. With temperature of 30 0C or lower, effects of these enzymes are negligibly little. Cold is impacting on the circulation of the local articulations and causes vasoconstriction which reduces the blood supply to the joint. Reduced force per unit area inside the blood vass consequences low unstable exudate which reduces swelling and hurting. Application of hot battalions is effectual for the chronic creaky hurting. Vasodilatation occurs with the heat and delivers extra blood in to the damaged tissues. Increased O and foods supply to the damaged tissues facilitate tissue mending. Heat therapy can be applied as hot battalions, dry hot towels, and every bit good as moist heat ( steam ) . Transdermal Electrical Nerve Stimulation ( TENS ) , signifier of electrical stimulation which uses to cut down the hurting perceptual experience. Harmonizing to the hurting gate theory, the electrical urges travel through the centripetal A-delta fibres which has connexions with substantia gelatinosa, elicit a negative response at T cells. Percept of hurting diminishes due to shutting of the hurting gate by negative response of the T cells. Application of electrodes over where the hurting is most intense is good to cut down the hurting perceptual experience. Passive or active assistive ROM within absolute bounds of hurting and gradual patterned advance as tolerated are required to minimise joint stiffness and maintain available gesture. Gentle grade I and II joint distraction and oscillation techniques are used to suppress hurting and minimise unstable stasis. In fact these techniques cut down the swelling significantly. Maintain normal muscular strength and prevent musculus wasting are indispensable to go independent in Activities of Daily Living ( ADL A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s ) . Gentle isometric exercisings in hurting free places and patterned advance as tolerated minimize musculus wasting caused due to inadequate musculus work. In the interim, usage of supportive and assistive equipment for all pathologically active articulations, good bed positioning while resting, and turning away of activities that stress the articulations must be practiced to forestall progressive joint malformation. The ultimate end of physical therapy program of attention for the patients with RA is to do them independent in their ADLs. However, there are some contraindications and safeguards that physical therapist should see before administer any PT intercession to patients. Joint distraction, oscillation technique, stretching and inactive ROM should be done with the utmost attention of hurting and tissue harm. Besides application of heavy opposition over affected articulations and vigorous stretching are contraindicated particularly when articulations are swollen. The thought of the text was to give an overall description about RA and its direction schemes related to physical therapy. However, be aftering intervention Sessionss and find necessary intercessions are the responsibilities of the healer and besides it depends on patients disease position. It is far beyond the range of this text. How to cite Therapy Management Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Free Media Violences Cartoon Violence and V Essay Example For Students

Free Media Violences: Cartoon Violence and V Essay iolent Children Media Argumentative Persuasive Essays Cartoon Violence and Violent Children With the recent increase in violent crimes committed by children, adults have been looking for answers to what causes children to commit these acts. Researchers have performed formal studies, and other approaches have been taken to answer the question. Their ideas and perceptions have strayed far and wide, looking for a suitable answer; one such answer of the many they have uncovered is television, but especially television geared towards children: cartoons and animation. In recent years, animation has taken a more openly violent twist during the same time period that the unique and varied forms of Japanese animation have come to America; both have raised many parents eyebrows as articles and media coverage portray both, but especially Japanese animation, in a harsh and unfair light, depicting all series and movies as violent and only fit for mature audiences. The adults perception of animation varies greatly from the childrens perception, as many factors, such as media depictions, p ersonal opinions, and even the standards of cultures, come into play on the decision of what is suitable for younger viewers. While it is not the first medium ever to reproduce violence for entertainment, television has certainly been the most notorious. However, television stations do not air violence because they want to. They air it because that is what sells. The blame is upon ourselves for the large volume of violence, since they are merely responding to what we want (Kim). This love for violence has filtered into nearly every television show aired currently. Virtually every television station airs shows, either live action or animated, that involve the characters fighting, arguing, or just acting in a malevolent way towards something or somebody else. The news always carries stories of what crimes have been committed during the day, daytime talk shows and soap operas often involve fighting and conflict, and even childrens television is starting to take a more serious, mature twist in its presentations. Shows such as the live action series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers have been called into question because of the numerous fight scenes and injuries that they depict; however, Power Rangers is one show that does provide a message to children at the end, informing them that the fighting is not real and that they should not imitate the Power Rangers. Despite this warning, children do imitate their heroes, hoping to emulate them and be able to stand as strong and powerful as they do. Parents see the television as a babysitter of sorts and let their children sit in front of it, absorbing everything they see mindlessly, while the parents do chores or work they must complete that involves not having their children distract them. This is when children receive the full force of the violence in television; studies conducted have shown that children either imitate their heroes or let the actions of these heroes influence their later, more aggressive actions. A study conducted by Albert Bandura with several groups of children, each watching a different form of violence, agrees with this and suggests that the type of violence a child performs is shaped by the type that he or she sees on television; a person displaying violence on film is as influential as one displaying it in real life. televised models are important sources of social behavior (Bandura, 126). Television has a strong influence on children from a young age, especially if adults give them many opportunities to watch and do not step in to remind their children that this is all fantasy, or to change the channel should the material be entirely too violent for childrens eyes. .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 , .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 .postImageUrl , .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 , .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4:hover , .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4:visited , .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4:active { border:0!important; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4:active , .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4 .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u555be1b805c6e247251fa92ebac5c6e4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay Cartoons in America, generally aimed at children, also form a surprisingly large source of violence. Recently, more and more cartoons with violent themes have been released, but violence in animation has been around for decades. Perhaps the best-known examples of such violence are in the short Warner Brothers Looney Tunes cartoons, those that star Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, and Wile E. Coyote. These cartoons generally portray Bugs Bunny as the protagonist, finding quick and witty ways to save .

Juvenile Crime free essay sample

A look at the rise in crime amongst the American youth and the law enforcements problem in punishing juveniles. (more)

Research Strategy Paper

Research Strategy Paper Free Online Research Papers Based on the research and reading done in this weeks assignment I found a tremendous amount of information regarding time management that would help me with a Research Strategy. A planning system should contain four core elements tasks, appointments, notes and contacts. In the library as well as the internet there is plenty of information available that will assist one researching any one topic. The main objective is once you gather the information making sure it is reliable. I chose several reliable sources for this research strategy on time management. My time management is a skill that I long to have control over. This particular area of skill needs a lot of work and improvement. In my mind I know that I have things that need to be completed. I also jot down a few items on a piece of paper or in a tablet. This tool is only useful if I actively use it. So in an attempt to solve my issue I gathered all kinds of information that would assist in improving my time management skills. I take on too many different task and I can not always complete each of them. While I have great intentions my actions do not always pan out the way expected. I would like to be able to assist my supervisor, co-workers, etc..in any area that I can at work, however it is humanly impossible to be in so many different places at one time. My priorities are not the same as the person asking for help. There are not enough hours in a day to do everything I promised someone I would assist them with. Time management is so very important because with out it precious time is wasted on unnecessary things and time is something we can not get back. My most significant pitfall with time management is procrastination. I fail to begin on many occasions because I do not know where to begin. I might not be in the right mood or have the right train of thought at the time to complete the assignment or task. I have come to the realization of the situation at hand and recognize with open eyes that I am procrastinating. The task that I procrastinate most on completing is typing of meeting minutes. This seems to be such a dreadful task to me at times. I am looking into ways of making my minute documentation more exciting. I know that by not completing this task with in the recommended time frame which is 24 to 48 hours it creates static with my supervisor so I know I need a little motivation in that area. For my main source in researching I used the Google search engine to assist me in finding the proper information regarding successful time management. I also went to the Franklin Covey website to get more information. With the information gathered a person has to plot or plan out the activities for the day on a schedule and follow it in order to know what is going on and what time they should be doing what and at what time it is going to occur. Franklin Covey offers a planning guide with their planners. These pages help guide you to identify, personalize, and organize you life according to your highest priorities. It also provides information on Ben Franklin’s three step method for planning and pursing your priorities. He started with his values, then set goals, and planned weekly. In conclusion, what I gained from this information on time management that I am putting to action in my own life is that if you fail to plan, you plan to fail. With a successful time management plan you can achieve, increase your productivity, stay focused, enhance your chances for success, effectively manage information that comes you way and at the same time reduce stress by eliminating distractions and interruptions. Having a plan is one thing, putting your plan into action is another. Stephen Covey said it best â€Å"Technology and tools are useful and powerful when they are your servant and not your master.† References EBOOK COLLECTION: Carter, C., Bishop, J., Kravits, S. (2007). Keys to college studying: Becoming an active thinker (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall mindtools.com/pages/article/newHTE_07.htm www.franklincovey.com Research Papers on Research Strategy PaperStandardized TestingThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfResearch Process Part OneOpen Architechture a white paperEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalLifes What Ifs

Technology and the Minds of Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technology and the Minds of Man - Essay Example Einstein's theories have made spaceflight, nuclear energy, and the discovery of universes beyond our own possible, but the question still haunts us; can an atomic bomb fall into the hands of a global tyrant. Today's technology has made it possible to peer into a man's life, follow his every move, create his most intimate moods, and build an offspring to his exacting specifications. Science can hold the keys to progress or build the doomsday machine. Still, the scientists have no obligation to assure that the science they create will be used responsibly. It is the citizens of the global community that are given the task to make an ethically sound decision. Science's simple goals are to discover and create, while it is society that needs to exert the cultural pressures needed to control our runaway technology. The horror stories that relate to the egregious misuse of technology fill our headlines on a daily basis. The war on terror has been used as a justification for using cutting edge technology to spy on American citizens, as well as hunt down and interrogate the nation's alleged enemies. While the human intuition recoils in fear and disgust at the insideous use of science to interrogate prisoners, the argument in favor of it is neither new or without merit. Michael Koubi, a former chief interrogator for Israel's General Security Services, has for decades been, "experimenting with captive human beings, cajoling, tricking, hurting, threatening, and spying on them, steadily upping the pressure, looking for cracks at the seams" (Bowden). Sixty-five years ago pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly experimented with altering the moods of primates by implanting electrodes in their brain (Bowden). It has been widely reported that these technologies are currently being used to interrogate terrorists b y the US government and its agents. Government secrets are often slow to surface, and they may have newer and more effective methods that are yet to be reported. Yet, Eli Lilly is not the morally responsible agent for the decision to put their technology to use on an involuntary human subject. Advocates point to the necessity of getting time sensitive information from a suspect, and technical interrogation is often helpful in saving thousands of innocent lives. Indeed, an educated person can make a solid moral argument for sacrificing one criminal's suffering to save thousands of blameless victims. However, there is a point on the scale of morality where we begin to fall down the slippery slope to anarchy and chaos, where we violate the humanness of mankind. Society, the government, and the law need to be firm, decisive, and ethical in their effort to control these centuries old urges, techniques, and strategies. The use of technology is no more controversial than it is when it involves the sanctity of the human body. Medicine can transplant vital organs, regenerate body parts, and sustain life well beyond the natural term. Today, medical science has almost made it possible to order a baby as easily as we order a cheeseburger at a drive-up window. Genetic manipulation will soon offer people the opportunity to select a baby's most detailed traits such as hair color, musical

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 3

Strategic management - Essay Example outstanding business performance on the part of the company considering that Cathay Pacific earned only HK$812 million during the first and second quarter of 2009 (ibid). It is a common knowledge that the economic and financial performance of each country could somehow significantly affect the supply and demand for airline services. Basically, economic recession associated with stock market crashes, currency crises, real estate crises, and financial bubbles among the long list of other financial and banking problems such as the case of the Lehman Brothers could adversely affect the business performance of airline companies. In some cases, the rise and fall of oil prices in the world market, the presences of SARS outbreak, and the post September 11-crises could also affect the profitability of airline companies. Considering the past and present global economic crisis and the actual business performance of Cathay Pacific in the global markets, this study aims to identify and discuss the prevailing strategies used by the company to enable the business remain strong despite the challenges faced by the airline companies. Basically, analyzing the strategies used by Cathay Pacific will enable the readers to have a better understanding behind the secret of the company’s successful endeavour. Today, Cathay Pacific is considered as one of the best and most competitive â€Å"Asian Airline Business† within the global airline industry. As part of determining the competitive advantages of Cathay Pacific against its close competitors like the Singapore Airlines Limited, major factors that made the company successful in implementing its business strategies will be mentioned and critically analyzed. In line with going through the main discussion, the company’s superiorities and inferiorities could significantly affect the decision-making process of its top management will be tackled in details. Airways, the company managed to effectively surpass the declining demand for

Leadership as privilege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leadership as privilege - Essay Example (Zapke-Schauer, 2005) Definition of leadership is not an easy subject. There are many things that have to be taken into consideration if someone tries to comprehend the actual structure of leadership. The pattern of leadership varies from person to person and, moreover, this pattern becomes clear when a leader passes through problematic situations. It is his/her moves, which define the pattern of leadership. The pattern also decides the direction in which the organization will be moving. And, obviously, the matter of success is entirely based on it. (Northouse, 2006) Leadership is a topic, which may be found discussed in books, journals and other places where the critics talk about it. But, actually, it is a matter of practical experience. Popularity of leadership as a topic has mainly been caused by the development of some major companies in the world under some valuable leadership. Literature is a field where leadership has always been praised. It is considered as a great human activity in this field. In this article my point is to judge leadership in a business oriented field. Management is quite clearly related to leadership from this point of view. But there are some differences between these two and sometimes there is also a conflict between them. Many of us have a wrong conception of what leadership is. That is why making big assertions about it goes completely in the wrong direction when a person is even not aware of what his topic is. Executive manager is a position of any company, which is wrongly taken to be the post of a leader of th e organization. Leadership never means any designation. It can be seen in anyone starting from a manager to a labor. Vision is the main thing, which establishes a leader, and with this ability he/she can guide the others in the organization. (MacNamara, 2008; Nurmi, Kaynak, and Darling, 1997) To state it in a very simple way, leader is the person who can influence the others present in the organization. Everyone has his/her own opinions but the leader is the person who decides the final step. This privilege is given to him/her as the person has proved the success earlier. To understand how a leader shows the way to an organization and motivates the other people, we shall take the example of Warren Buffet, the world famous businessman. We shall discuss how he guided Berkshire Hathaway to the company's huge success. Warren Buffet the great businessman was born on 30th August 1930 in Nebraska, USA. His father was a stockbroker and may be this had a great influence on Buffet's interests. Columbia Business School was where Buffet had his education. After many struggle he established himself as the greatest investor the world has ever seen. His relationship with Berkshire Hathaway began in the year 1962 when he commenced buying stock in this company. Today, along with the company's growth, Berkshire Hathaway has also made Buffet the richest man in the world crossing even the records made by none other than Bill Gates. Mary Buffet, Warren's daughter-in-law says that patience and wisdom are the keys to success for him. (Clark, 2007) Oliver Chace was the founder of Berkshire Hathaway and the company came into existence in the year 1839. The main reason why Warren Buffet is remembered in the scenario of Berkshire Hathaway is his strategy of investment and a great leadership in directing the company as a CEO. Many of the

The Structure And Properties Of Surfactants

The Structure And Properties Of Surfactants Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lowering of the interfacial tension between two liquids, or between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants may act as: Detergents Wetting agents Emulsifiers Foaming agents Dispersants STRUCTURE OF SURFACTANT Figure 1Surfactant molecule possess a dualistic character.This arises from the combination of a hydrophobic (water-rejecting) and a hydrophilic (water-preferring) group in one molecule.In a classical surfactant,the hydrophobic part usually consists of one or more hydrocarbon chains sometimes with various degrees of unsaturation and branching.However,the apolar part may also be partly or completely fluorinated or may be composed of a siloxane chain.The size and length of the hydrocarbon may vary considerably,but it must consists of atleast 8 carbon atoms.For the hydrophilic part(usually called the headgroup),there is a wide range of possible structures(Table1.1).The hydrophilic part can either be ionic or dipolar depending on whether the headgroup has a net charge or not. [1] PROPERTIES OF SURFACTANTS They enable the cleaning solution to fully wet the surface being cleaned so that dirt can be readily loosened and removed. They clean greasy, oily, particulate-, protein-, and carbohydrate-based stains. They are instrumental in removing dirt and in keeping them emulsified, suspended, and dispersed so they dont settle back onto the surface being cleaned. Surfactants are one of the major components of cleaning products and can be regarded as the workhorses: they do the basic work of breaking up stains and keeping the dirt in the water solution to prevent re-deposition of the dirt onto the surface from which it has just been removed. Surfactants disperse dirt that normally does not dissolve in water. As anyone who uses oil based dressings in the kitchen knows, oil and water do not mix unless shaken vigorously in the bottle. They separate almost immediately afterwards. The same is true when washing your dishes or clothes. With the addition of surfactants, oil, which normally does not dissolve in water, becomes dispersible and can be removed with the wash water. . CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACTANTS It is generally classified in 4 basic types depending upon the nature of the head group: Anionic Non anionic Cationic Amphoteric or zwitter-ionic Anionic Surfactants In solution, the head is negatively charged. This is the most widely used type of surfactant for laundering, dishwashing liquids and shampoos because of its excellent cleaning properties and high sudsing potential. The surfactant is particularly good at keeping the dirt away from fabrics, and removing residues of fabric softener from fabrics. Anionic surfactants are particularly effective at oily soil cleaning and oil/clay soil suspension. Still, they can react in the wash water with the positively charged water hardness ions (calcium and magnesium), which can lead to partial deactivation. The more calcium and magnesium molecules in the water, the more the anionic surfactant system suffers from deactivation. To prevent this, the anionic surfactants need help from other ingredients such as builders (Ca/Mg sequestrants) and more detergent should be dosed in hard water. The most commonly used anionic surfactants are alkyl sulphates, alkyl ethoxylate sulphates and soaps. Non anionic Surfactants These surfactants do not have an electrical charge, which makes them resistant to water hardness deactivation. They are excellent grease removers that are used in laundry products, household cleaners and hand dishwashing liquids. Most laundry detergents contain both non-ionic and anionic surfactants as they complement each others cleaning action. Non-ionic surfactants contribute to making the surfactant system less hardness sensitive. The most commonly used non-ionic surfactants are ethers of fatty alcohols Cationic Surfactants In solution, the head is positively charged. There are 3 different categories of cationics each with their specific application: In fabric softeners and in detergents with built-in fabric softener, cationic surfactants provide softness. Their main use in laundry products is in rinse added fabric softeners, such as esterquats, one of the most widely used cationic surfactants in rinse added fabric softeners. An example of cationic surfactants is the esterquat. In laundry detergents, cationic surfactants (positive charge) improve the packing of anionic surfactant molecules (negative charge) at the stain/water interface. This helps to reduce the dirtl/water interfacial tension in a very efficient way, leading to a more robust dirt removal system. They are especially efficient at removing greasy stains. An example of a cationic surfactant used in this category is the mono alkyl quaternary system. In household and bathroom cleaners, cationic surfactants contribute to the disinfecting/sanitizing properties. Amphoteric Surfactants These surfactants are very mild, making them particularly suited for use in personal care and household cleaning products. They can be anionic (negatively charged), cationic (positively charged) or non-ionic (no charge) in solution, depending on the acidity or pH of the water. They are compatible with all other classes of surfactants and are soluble and effective in the presence of high concentrations of electrolytes, acids and alkalis. These surfactants may contain two charged groups of different sign. Whereas the positive charge is almost always ammonium, the source of the negative charge may vary (carboxylate, sulphate, sulphonate). These surfactants have excellent dermatological properties. They are frequently used in shampoos and other cosmetic products, and also in hand dishwashing liquids because of their high foaming properties. An example of an amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactant is alkyl betaine. Figure 2 Figure 3 SURFACE TENSION Water has many unusual properties as a result of its ability to hydrogen bond. For example, the density of ice is less than that of the liquid and the predicted boiling point is almost 200 degrees C higher than it would be without hydrogen bonding. The water molecules at the surface of water are surrounded partially by air and partially by water. These surface molecules would be much more stable if they could be in the interior of the liquid where all their hydrogen bonds could be fulfilled (cohesion). Therefore, water normally tends to have the smallest surface possible, i.e. it has a high surface tension, in order to achieve the lowest possible energetic state. If a solid material more dense than water is placed on the surface of water, what happens next depends on the nature of the material. If the material is hydrophilic (water loving) it has a surface to which water is attracted. The adhesion of water to the surface of this material coats the surface of the object with water, reduces the surface tension, and causes the object to sink. If the solid object is hydrophobic (water fearing),the unfavorable interactions between the water surface and the object make it difficult to wet the surface. Two forces now come into play the energy it would take to overcome this repulsion and the force of gravity. If the force of gravity is strong enough, it will prevail and the object will sink (assuming that the object has a density greater than water). If the gravitational force is less than the surface tension then the object will float on the surface of the water. Surface tension is what permits water striders and other insects to walk across the surface of water and what enables a needle to float. Of course, the critical feature here is the amount of force per unit area put a needle into water end-on instead sideways and the needle will immediately sink. SURFACTANT FUNCTION Surfactants are also referred to as wetting agents and foamers. Surfactants lower the surface tension of the medium in which it is dissolved. By lowering this interfacial tension between two media or interfaces (e.g. air/water, water/stain, stain/fabric) the surfactant plays a key role in the removal and suspension of dirt. The lower surface tension of the water makes it easier to lift dirt and grease off of dirty dishes, clothes and other surfaces, and help to keep them suspended in the dirty water. The water-loving or hydrophilic head remains in the water and it pulls the stains towards the water, away from the fabric. The surfactant molecules surround the stain particles, break them up and force them away from the surface of the fabric. They then suspend the stain particles in the wash water to remove them. Surfactants can work in three different ways: roll-up, emulsification, and solubilization. Roll-up mechanism The surfactant lowers the oil/solution and fabric/solution interfacial tensions and in this way lifts the stain of the fabric. Figure 3 Emulsification The surfactant lowers the oil-solution interfacial tension and makes easy emulsification of the oily soils possible. Figure 4 Solubilization Through interaction with the micelles of a surfactant in a solvent (water), a substance spontaneously dissolves to form a stable and clear solution How can surfactants prevent dirt from being re-deposited? Surfactants have a vital role to play in preventing the re-deposition of soils like greasy, oily stains and particulate dirt on the surface or fabric from which they have just been removed. This works by electrostatic interactions and steric hindrance. Electrostatic interactions Anionic surfactants are adsorbed on both the surface of the dirt which is dispersed in the detergent solution, and the fabric surface. This creates a negative charge on both surfaces, causing electrostatic repulsions. This repulsion prevents the soil from re-depositing on the fabric. In the presence of hardness, however, this mechanism acts like a bridge between the suspended soil and the fabric. This is another reason why hardness sequestrants (a chemical that promotes Ca/Mg sequestration) are often used in detergents. Steric hindrance: Non-ionic surfactants like alcohol ethoxylates also adsorb on the dirt. Their long ethoxylated chains extend in the water phase and prevent the dirt droplets or particles from uniting and from depositing onto the fabric surface.Dirt is present in solution. The non-ionic surfactants adsorb to the dirt particles.Their long hydrophilic heads extend in the water phase and as a result prevent the dirt particles/droplets from uniting and from re-depositing onto fabrics. [2] SURFACTANT USES There are many uses of surfactant in different industries and different fields. Some of them are discussed below: Use of Surfactant in Detergents Surfactants are literally Surface Acting Agents. They are called this because they act to reduce the surface tension of a liquid, especially water. They are large molecules with two distinct parts. First there is a head which is hydrophilic. This means that it is attracted to water and soluble in water, usually because it has a positive or negative charge. The other part of the surfactant is the tail which is hydrophobic, meaning it is repelled by water. The tail is also lipophilic which means that it is soluble in organic solvents particularly oils and fats or lipids. It is this mixed structure which gives a surfactant its properties. When added to water the surface tension of water is reduced. The surface tension of water is caused by the hydrogen bonds which form between the slight charges on different parts of the water molecule (for further information see the water article). Surfactants break up these hydrogen bonds by remaining at the surface, their heads dissolved in the water but their tails extending out of the water, repelled by it. When the surfactant concentration increases sufficiently, micelles are formed. These are spheres of surfactant with all the heads on the outside protecting all the tails within.[3] Use of Surfactant in Cosmetics Shampoos and soaps clean by the use of surfactants (surface active agents). Surfactant molecules have both fat soluble (lipophilic) and water-soluble (hydrophylic) parts. The lipophilic part of the molecule sticks to oil and dirt, and the hydrophilic part allows water to then carry away the otherwise water-insoluble grime. Washing-up detergents work in the same way, although it isnt generally advisable to wash your hair with dishwashing liquid they are formulated to remove thick grease from plates, not to gently clean your hair! [4] Use of Surfactants to remove solvent-based inks from plastic films There is substantial economic and environmental incentive to remove the ink (deink) from heavily printed plastic films so that the plastic can be reused to produce clear films. In this study, polyethylene films printed with solvent-based ink were deinked using surfactants under a variety of conditions. Water without surfactant does not deink the solvent-based ink from plastic films over a pH range of 3 to 12. In common with earlier studies of water-based inks, it is found that solutions of cationic surfactants are the most effective for deinking of solvent-based ink but a pH of at least 11 is required. Presoaking of plastic film in aqueous solution of cationic surfactant increases the level of deinking. Limited studies performed with a pilot-size paper deinking apparatus on solvent-based ink removal indicates that the deinking of plastic film using surfactant solutions is technically feasible. [5] Pulmonary Surfactants and Therapeutic uses, including Pulmonary Lavage The present invention discloses useful surfactant molecules including polypeptides, proteins, and a variety of other organic molecules, as well as methods of making and using same. Surfactant compositions, including liposomal surfactant compositions, are also disclosed. Use of the surfactant molecules of the present invention in pulmonary lavage procedures for a variety of therapeutic applications is also disclosed, including the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome; the removal of inflammatory exudate from inflamed lung tissues; and the treament of meconium aspiration syndrome in infants. [6] Adsorption of non-petroleum base Surfactant on reservoir rock SURFACTANT molecules adsorb well to solid interfaces such as the porous media found in petroleum reservoirs.The adsorbed surfactant layer represents both an additional resistance to flow as well as loss of surfactant properties and is therefore, of fundamental importance in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process that involves the flow of surfactant solution through porous media.According to Austad and Milter1, chemical flooding of oil reservoirs is one of the most successful methods to enhance oil recovery from depleted reservoirs at low pressure. [7] Use of Surfactant in Neonates Surfactant replacement therapy has become an established treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This article reviews the current evidence for the various practices regarding the use of surfactant in this condition, looking at surfactant type, timing of the first dose, size and frequency of the dose and the need for further doses. As the use of surfactant is expanding into other lung diseases in adults as well as children, we also review those neonatal conditions where surfactant may be of benefit and summarize the evidence published to date supporting its use in these conditions. [8] Surfactant as Antifog Many of the cheaper anti-fogs are made of surfactants like glycerin (soap) and water or alcohol combinations. That works for a very short period. Better anti-fogs usually contain advanced silicones but suffer from poor spreading. You have to rub them in and wipe off excess. [9] Surfactant as Fabric Softner Fabric softeners have long been used to soften fabric and prevent static cling. Available in dryer sheets or liquid form, fabric softeners are made up of surfactants or surface acting agents. It is these chemicals that create a softer, fluffier feel to your laundry. Surfactants contain chemicals with lubricating properties. These chemicals coat fabrics with a waxy film that lubricates them, causing them to feel smoother or fluffier. Its suggested that these lubricating chemicals also make ironing easier and reduce drying time and wrinkling. The lubricating properties of surfactants are a result of positive charges affecting negative charges. Surfactants are generally acidic and made up of positively charged particles. These positively charged particles attract the negatively charged particles within scratchy fabric. The negative charge is neutralized, creating a lower frictional resistance. Thus, there is less static cling and the fabric feels softer and less scratchy to touch. [10] Surfactant in Ski Waxes Once the ski is in motion, you are applying pressure and exerting friction, melting the snow, and creating a fine layer of water between your ski base and the snow. Control and maneuverability in skiing is derived from altering the structure of this water. Hertel wax systems perform a special process using an encapsulation process; tiny bits of surface-active agents formulated into the waxes interact with water, decreasing surface tension and friction, plus increasing control. The wax breaks up the water (snow) resulting in easier running, better control, added safety, and more fun. When commanded to turn, skis slide with ease. [11] Effect of oil soluble Surfactant in emulsions stabilised by clay particles Although surfactants and particles are often mixed together in emulsions, the contribution of each species to the stabilisation of the oil-water interface is poorly understood. We report the results of investigations into the formation of emulsions from solutions of surfactant in oil and aqueous suspensions of laponite. Depending on the salt concentration in the aqueous suspensions, the laponite dispersed as individual disc-shaped particles, 30 nm in diameter, or flocculated into aggregates tens of micrometres in diameter. At the concentrations studied, the flocculated particles alone stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. Synergistic interactions between the particles and octadecylamine at the oil-water interface reduced the average emulsion drop size, while antagonistic interactions with octadecanoic acid enhanced coalescence processes in the emulsions. The state of particle dispersion had dramatic effects on the emulsions formed. Measurements of the oil-water interfacial tension revea led the origins of the interactions between the surfactants and particles. [12] Surfactant in process for deinking of recycled paper A process for deinking recycled paper using a pressurized deinking module to separate ink from paper pulp stock. The addition of salts of imidazolinium based compounds with alkyl, alkenyl and amidoethyl side chains to the pulp slurry at the beginning of the pressurized deinking module cycle removes ink more effectively and results in a brighter recycled paper and an increase in yield of final paper stock. [13] Surfactant in Spermicides (NONOCYNOL-9) The most common active ingredient of spermicides is Nonoxynol 9. Spermicides containing Nonoxynol-9 are available in many forms, such as jelly (gel), films, and foams. Nonoxynol-9, sometimes abbreviated as N-9, is an organic compound that is used as a surfactant. It is a member of the nonoxynol family of nonionic surfactants. N-9 and related compounds are ingredients in various cleaning and cosmetic products. Its use is controversial because it may cause genital lesions. Nonoxynol-9s ability to kill microbes in vitro was initially taken as evidence that it might be effective at preventing STD transmission. However, more recent findings indicate that it may actually increase a persons risk of contracting STDs, especially if used frequently. This is because the chemical causes tiny abrasions inside the sensitive vaginal and anal walls. [14] Surfactant in Ferro Fluid:Magnetic Liquid Technology A ferrofluid is a stable colloidal suspension of sub-domain magnetic particles in a liquid carrier. The particles, which have an average size of about 100Ã… (10 nm), are coated with a stabilizing dispersing agent (surfactant) which prevents particle agglomeration even when a strong magnetic field gradient is applied to the ferrofluid. The surfactant must be matched to the carrier type and must overcome the attractive van der Waals and magnetic forces between the particles. The colloid and thermal stabilities, crucial to many applications, are greatly influenced by the choice of the surfactant. A typical ferrofluid may contain by volume 5% magnetic solid, 10% surfactant and 85% carrier. [15] Surfactant as Alkali Surfactant Polymers In the Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) process, a very low concentration of the surfactant is used to achieve ultra low interfacial tension between the trapped oil and the injection fluid/formation water. The ultra low interfacial tension also allows the alkali present in the injection fluid to penetrate deeply into the formation and contact the trapped oil globules. The alkali then reacts with the acidic components in the crude oil to form additional surfactant in-situ, thus, continuously providing ultra low interfacial tension and freeing the trapped oil. In the ASP Process, polymer is used to increase the viscosity of the injection fluid, to minimize channeling, and provide mobility control. Oil Chem Technologiess patented ORS and ORS-HF series surfactants are specifically formulated for each field to optimize the oil recovery. Crude oil characteristics, brine characteristics, bottom hole temperature, alkali, well history, and treatment design are considered to maximize the treatment results. [16] Other applications of surfactants are: In biochemistry, the practical as well as theoretical importance of surfactants may be illustrated with the following examples: Surfactants have allowed the investigation of molecular properties of membrane proteins and lipoproteins, acting as solubilizing agents and as probes for hydrophobic binding sites. The properties of surfactants, as well as further facts relevant to the particular experiments, must be carefully considered. Surfactants have successfully contributed to the purification of receptors in their active forms, such as the neuropeptide receptors and opiate receptors. All holoreceptor- complex and reaction- center isolations require the use of a surfactant in order to separate the integral protein systems from the rest of the membrane. Surfactants have been used in the investigation of the denaturation of bacteriorhodopsin and in thermal stability experiments of rhodopsin. The operations of exchange and removal of surfactants bound to membrane proteins are crucial and have been successfully applied to a wide variety of these proteins. The effects of surfactants on the function of membrane-bound enzymes such as cytochrome P-450 and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase have also been determined. Integral membrane proteins can be separated from hydrophilic proteins and identified as such in crude surfactant extracts of membrane or cells . Methods for the solubilization of low-density lipoproteins have advanced the understanding of the assembly, interconversion and molecular exchange processes with plasma lipoproteins. In electrophoresis, various techniques require the use of surfactants. The popular techniques of SDS-PAGE for the identification and subunit molecular weight estimation of proteins is based on a specific type of surfactant-protein interaction. 2D-PAGE uses SDS in one direction and Triton X-100 in the other. This technique has been used to identify proteins containing long hydrophobic regions and relies on the different binding ability of non-ionic surfactants to water-soluble and intrinsic membrane proteins. Isoelectric focusing, native electrophoresis and blotting are other electrophoretic techniques which may need surfactants for the solubilization or transfer of membrane proteins. In high performance liquid chromatography, common techniques such as ion-exchange HPLC, reversed-phase HPLC and sizeexclusion-HPLC may require surfactants to solubilize membrane proteins. Ionpair HPLC requires surfactants as reagents in order to achieve the separation conditions (ionpairing). Affinity surfactants have been used as reversibly bound ligands in high performance affinity chromatography. Crystallization of membrane proteins was achieved using short chain surfactants, which are believed to shield the hydrophobic intermembrane part of the molecule. Thus the polar interactions betvveen individual molecules come into play, providing the stabilizing force in crystallization. Surfactants are also employed to promote the dissociation of proteins from nucleic acids on extraction from biological material. Further applications of surfactants in biochemistry are the solubilization of enzymes in apolar solvents via reversed micelles and the isolation of hydrophobic proteins. [17] CAPTION TO FIGURES: Figure 1-http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/glossary/popup-roll-up-mechanism.html Figure 2-http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/glossary/popup-emulsification.html Figure 3-http://www.caes.uga.edu/applications/publications/files/html/B1319/images/Figure%202.jpg BOOK REFERREDFigure 4-http://www.inkline.gr/inkjet/newtech/tech/dispersion/surfactants.gif APPLIED SURFACTANTS:PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS -BY THARWAT F. TADROS WILEY-WCH PUBLICATION

History of the Tibetan Genocide :: essays research papers

For 48 years, China has occupied Tibet. In Tibet's history, there has been over 17 percent of the Tibetan people killed, and 6,000 monasteries ruined. For starters, Tibet was never part of China. During the first few years when China was in control of Tibet, the Chinese declared that Tibet should be part of China, because an Emperor of Tibet once married a Chinese princess. Years later, the Chinese said that Tibet was part of China because of the warrior Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan and the Mongolians were in control of Tibet, but they never made Tibet belong to China. Secondly, the Tibetan people and the Chinese are totally different, culturally and socially speaking. Both peoples have their own culture, way of life, and religion. Of course the language is very diverse, too. Tibet had their own government before the Chinese took over. It was led by His Royal Highness, the Dalai Lama. Before the Chinese came in and took over Tibet, Tibet had nothing to do with China. The Chinese invad ed Tibet in July of 1949. They caused many disasters and much sadness to the Tibetan people. Today Tibet is nothing but a prison. The Chinese continually spy on the Tibetan people. Seventeen percent of the Tibetan population was killed. Many Chinese forcibly removed Tibetans out of their homes at any time, day or night, and sometimes these people were thrown into prison. These people also were often killed for no reason. Ever since the Chinese have taken over the Tibetan people, there have been over 1 millon people killed. There were 6 million Tibetans living in Tibet before the Chinese came and took over the country. In the capital of Tibet, Lhasa, the natives of Tibet are being rid of by the Chinese; the Chinese are filling up Lhasa with Chinese people and the Chinese want to make Tibet throughly Chinese. Today, the Tibetan people are a minority in their own country! All the better jobs go to the Chinese people living in Tibet. The Tibetan people cannot find jobs for themselves, t he best job sometimes they can get is to become a truck driver. What the Chinese are really doing is committing against the Tibetan people, a cultural and religious genocide. The culture of Tibet is based on Bon's ancient beliefs, and also on Buddhism from India. The Tibetans take the best of the two religions, and their entire culture is based on that. History of the Tibetan Genocide :: essays research papers For 48 years, China has occupied Tibet. In Tibet's history, there has been over 17 percent of the Tibetan people killed, and 6,000 monasteries ruined. For starters, Tibet was never part of China. During the first few years when China was in control of Tibet, the Chinese declared that Tibet should be part of China, because an Emperor of Tibet once married a Chinese princess. Years later, the Chinese said that Tibet was part of China because of the warrior Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan and the Mongolians were in control of Tibet, but they never made Tibet belong to China. Secondly, the Tibetan people and the Chinese are totally different, culturally and socially speaking. Both peoples have their own culture, way of life, and religion. Of course the language is very diverse, too. Tibet had their own government before the Chinese took over. It was led by His Royal Highness, the Dalai Lama. Before the Chinese came in and took over Tibet, Tibet had nothing to do with China. The Chinese invad ed Tibet in July of 1949. They caused many disasters and much sadness to the Tibetan people. Today Tibet is nothing but a prison. The Chinese continually spy on the Tibetan people. Seventeen percent of the Tibetan population was killed. Many Chinese forcibly removed Tibetans out of their homes at any time, day or night, and sometimes these people were thrown into prison. These people also were often killed for no reason. Ever since the Chinese have taken over the Tibetan people, there have been over 1 millon people killed. There were 6 million Tibetans living in Tibet before the Chinese came and took over the country. In the capital of Tibet, Lhasa, the natives of Tibet are being rid of by the Chinese; the Chinese are filling up Lhasa with Chinese people and the Chinese want to make Tibet throughly Chinese. Today, the Tibetan people are a minority in their own country! All the better jobs go to the Chinese people living in Tibet. The Tibetan people cannot find jobs for themselves, t he best job sometimes they can get is to become a truck driver. What the Chinese are really doing is committing against the Tibetan people, a cultural and religious genocide. The culture of Tibet is based on Bon's ancient beliefs, and also on Buddhism from India. The Tibetans take the best of the two religions, and their entire culture is based on that.

Bathsheba and Farmer Boldwood Essay

How does Hardy present the idea ‘the pain of love’ in his depiction of the relationships between Bathsheba Everdene and Sergeant Troy, and Bathsheba and Farmer Boldwood? Thomas Hardy, born in 1840, divided his works into character and environment, romance and fantasies and novels of ingenuity, in which case Far from the Madding Crowd is in the first category. The original works were in the form of a series in the Cornhill magazine, which was so successful he was able to give up his job (as an architect) and devote his time entirely to writing. Hardy is known for his controversial novels such as Jude the Obscure, but his best work is the world renowned Far From the Madding Crowd, which expresses the journey of Bathsheba Everdene and her loyal farmer, Gabriel Oak, who encounter love but at the terrible price of death and despair. This, perhaps reflecting the tragic loss of his own wife in 1912, sixteen years before his own death, in 1928. Bathsheba and Sergeant Troy’s first meeting outside the Fir Plantation, Troy flirts and compliments Bathsheba, by taking more time then is necessary to untie the knot that binds them. Bathsheba, however she appears to be quite uncivilized towards him, â€Å"Thank you for the sight of such a beautiful face! He said. ‘Twas unwillingly shown† she replied, stiffly. This unkind manner attracts Troy to her and ignites a relationship between them, where Troy’s flirtatious and dishonest ways, already expressed in their first meeting, are destined to destroy it. Troy’s display of swordsmanship in Chapter 28, indicates another example of the pain of love, in which Bathsheba must sacrifice her own safety to be with Sergeant Troy. Though Bathsheba, at first, oblivious to her near death, due to her believing Troy’s lie that the sword was blunt. Though Bathsheba does not object to him kissing her at the end of the chapter, after being made aware of his dishonesty. The relationship of Bathsheba and Troy, already beginning to fail due to Troy’s insensitive and lying persona, is made no easier by Fanny’s part in their lives. Ironically, it was her mistake, which brought together Bathsheba and Troy in the first place, unintentionally, and, unknowingly aided in the downfall of Bathsheba and Troy’s relationship. For example, when Fanny meets Troy, though by accident, Troy tries to convince Bathsheba she is unknown to him, however Bathsheba begins to have doubts, especially after seeing a lock of hair in his watch, that was not hers. The argument that followed the discovery of the hair also lead to Troy leaving Bathsheba, to secretly meet with Fanny, and the next time she hears of Troy he is assumed dead. This expresses Hardy’s pain of love theory exactly, for Bathsheba who fell so quickly in love with Troy, and married him soon after, now expresses little feeling towards him leaving. For example, in chapter 48, `Bathsheba underwent the enlargement of her husband’s absence, from hours to days, with a slight feeling of surprise and relief, yet neither sensation rose †¦ `. Soon after the discovery of Troy’s apparent death, Boldwood immediately steps onto the scene to offer his hand in marriage. The first time Bathsheba saw Boldwood was at the market, however Boldwood did not pay attention to her presence, unlike all the other men. Bathsheba’s vanity, encouraged by Liddy, caused her to send a Valentine to Boldwood in the attempt to get him to notice her and partly as a joke, with the accidental seal of â€Å"Marry Me†. Boldwood, having received the Valentine, become besotted with Bathsheba and soon called on her to accept the invitation of marriage. Though the answer of course was not what he expected. â€Å"I didn’t know†¦ I ought never to have dreamt of sending that valentine – forgive me, sir – it was a wanton thing which no woman with any self respect should have done. If you will only pardon my thoughtlessness†¦ † Farmer Boldwood replied†¦ â€Å"No, no, no. Don’t say thoughtlessness! †¦ You torture me to say it was done out of thoughtlessness†¦ This outburst again shows the reader that Hardy can express the theme `the pain of love` so vividly. However, Boldwood does not stop and continues to express his want to have her. For example, â€Å"I may think of you? Yes, I suppose you may And hope to obtain you? No – do not hope! Let us go on†. This obsessiveness driven by the act of Bathsheba’s valentine proposes another effect of love. At the end of chapter 19, Hardy tells us that Boldwood is almost spellbound by Bathsheba and by her leaving, he comes out of this stupor, â€Å"like the pain of a wound†¦ † Another of Hardy’s pain of love themes. Boldwood’s appearances from then on are stopped due to the arrival of Troy, who Boldwood at once is jealous of and wishes to extract him from their (Bathsheba and Boldwood’s) lives. The deal he tries to accomplish with Troy is of course a failure, however it proposes that Boldwood would do (or should I say ‘pay’) so much to expel him, and further expand his relationship with Bathsheba. His love for her, the reader could interpret as, is almost insane and compulsive. This is perfectly described in Chapter 53, where Boldwood begins to talk to himself. â€Å"I hope to God she comes, or this night will be nothing but misery to me! O my darling, my darling, why do you keep me in suspense like this? † However that is not the most important part of the chapter because of course this is the climax to the whole story and the final effects that love can have on somebody. ‘A strange voice came from the fireplace – a voice sounding far off and confined, as if from a dungeon. Hardly a soul recognized the thin tones to be those of Boldwood. Sudden despair had transformed him. ‘ Boldwood, at the realization of the return of Troy, and the conclusion that Bathsheba cannot be his, had the devastating affect of forcing him to take action. In the form of a bullet. Aimed at Troy. His love for Bathsheba perhaps deluded him into it, showing that the pain of love has lead one man to his death and another to the noose. However we know that sentence was not carried out, life imprisonment instead, though in a way just as bad as the loss of life some could argue. Hardy is clearly well adept into conveying the pain of love as a theme, though not the main theme of the story. Hardy presents the idea of ‘the pain of love’ clearly in the two relationships that Bathsheba experiences, even in Oak’s relationship with Bathsheba, his offer of marriage is turned down, and not accepted till the end of the book. Bathsheba’s relationship with Troy and Boldwood differ quite drastically. Boldwood is the calm farmer enticed by Bathsheba, and driven to killing another man. Troy is the dashing sergeant who seduces Bathsheba and causes their marriage to disintegrate due to his lies and deceit. Bathsheba also reacts differently to the two men. To Boldwood she thinks she is not good enough for him, and is almost scared of his persistence- ‘She was frightened as well as agitated by his vehemence’ She also taken aback by Troy, ‘Ah! There was a time Frank, when it would have taken a good many promises to other people to drag you away from me. ‘ She also is now quite sad to be married, preferring the unmarried version of him when it was dashing swordplay and romantic courting and love. However it is not the case with the married Troy, â€Å"What do you regret? † He asked. â€Å"That my romance has come to an end†, she relied. The pain of love that the characters encounter, i. e. Boldwood’s hopeless love for Bathsheba, and Bathsheba’s own foolish love for Troy, and the final act leading to Troy’s (perhaps deserved) death, are all excellently and elaborately depicted by the most English of English novelists, in one of the most English of great English novels.

Market for Coca cola company and its competitors Research Paper Example

Market for Coca cola company and its competitors Research Paper Example Market for Coca cola company and its competitors Paper Market for Coca cola company and its competitors Paper Essay Topic: Marketing Coca cola is one of the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. This summary provides the overview of the content involved. Pepsi is the major competitor to Coca cola Company in the global market and we are all aware about the global cola wars between coca cola and PepsiCo which has become decidedly one sided. Coca cola outsells Pepsi 3:1 around over the world market. Pepsi was crushed many a times in the international market due to the Coca colas in-depth knowledge of marketing strategies and local community. The company spends nearly around 60% of its budget on the advertising projects. The popularity of coca cola can be summarized from the following facts: (1) During the year 1944-45 people addressed coke instead of coca cola, this revolution forced the company to introduce coca cola in the coke version and eventually it was a great success. (2) If all the coca cola ever produced were flowing over Niagara Falls at its normal rate of 1.5 million gallons per second instead of water, the falls would flow for 38 hours and 46 minutes. (3) Coca colas trademark was recognized by 94% of the worlds population and that is the word after OK. Coca colas better understanding of the local communities and the market makes the company to remain in the top position in the global market for soft drinks. Coca colas readiness to spend heavily on the marketing effort also helps the company compete and win over the market of soft drinks world wide. Coca cola boasts four of the worlds five leading soft drink brands coca cola, diet coke, sprite and fanta. Besides this coca cola participate and sponsors different types of events as a part of its strategies. As a part of greening of management it takes care of peoples health by having non-alcoholic soft drinks for example caffeine free coke and diet coke. Introduction: Coca cola was invented as a soft drink way back in 1886 by Dr. John Styth Pemberton, a pharmacist, in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. It was registered as a trademark in the year 1887. Since its commencement coca cola is being written in a Spenserians script on all of its products. Since then it produces more than 400 branded soft beverages and operates in over 200 countries around the world with its headquarter in Atlanta. Apart from branded beverages coca cola used its world famous brand name coca cola for 800 registered items such as toys, electronic games etc. These types of marketing strategies were by the company and eventually helped in the increase of the companys revenue. Coca cola believes that the heart and soul of their enterprise has always been the people or customers. It used excellent marketing strategies worldwide and became top in soft drink and beverages industry, sharing mostly half out of one in soft drink consumption around the global thirsty market. It properly understood the needs, wants and demands of the global people and framed its product to satisfy them and is almost a successful runner till date too. It is said that if the coca colas entire produced products were poured in to the famous contour bottles and placed end to end they would stretch to the moon and back 1045 times. The following are the other famous brand of coca cola other than its main brand. * Coke Diet coke * Fanta Diet fanta * Sprite Diet sprite * Caffeine Caffeine coke and diet coke * Lift Diet lift * Sprite ice (mint flavored soft drink) Coca colas focus on brand management, worldwide coverage and intense distribution and advertising makes it the worlds most leading and profitable soft drink company. (www.cocacola.com). The Needs, Wants and Demands: In order to understand the above topic it is very necessary to know and understand what is marketing? Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individual and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging product and value with others. (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong 2001). In short marketing is the delivering of customer value and satisfaction at a profit. It doesnt come into count that whether it is a profit or non profit organization marketing used everywhere. Coca Cola Company has got one of the largest, best-managed and exclusive marketing research operation units in USA, which really makes it the best marketer in beverages industry. * Definition of needs: According to Kotler and Armstrong (2001) 9th edition The most basic concept underlying marketing is that of human needs. They are very much complex in nature. These human needs are states of deprivation which include physical needs, social needs and individual needs. These needs were not invented by the marketers but are the basic part of human makeup. * Definition of wants: Wants are the form human needs take as they are shaped by the culture and individual personality Kotler-Armstrong 2001. These are shaped by ones society and are described in terms of objects that satisfy needs. For example a hungry person in Australia, Hong Kong or Singapore might want a hamburger, chips or coca cola. Where as a person in India might want mangoes, veg.burger and water. As people are getting exposed to more objects that arouse their interest and desire, the producers try to provide more want-satisfying products and services. For example with success of coca cola the producer expanded its brand and at present coca cola got more than 400 beverages product in the market. (Philip Kotler, 2001). * Definition of demand: The people have almost unlimited want but limited resources. The wants when backed by buying power, wants become demands. Consumer view product as bundles of benefits and choose product that give them the best bundle for their money. Given their wants and resources, people demand products with the benefits that add up to the most satisfaction. The demand depends on people to people with their affordability and desire or status. (Philip Kotler, 2001). Definition of Product: Product is a bundle of tangible and intangible attributes that a seller offers to the potential buyer and that satisfies they buyers needs or wants. (McColl-Kennedy, 1994). Any thing that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption to satisfy a want or need is a product. It includes physical objects services, persons, places organization and ideas. (Philip Kotler, 2001). Coca Cola Company produced consumer-oriented products. Coca Cola Company got the coca cola or coke soft drink, which is recognized worldwide. It got various beverages product ranging around 400 units. Its four products rank top among five viz coca cola, coke, diet coke, fanta and sprite. The four marketing Ps viz product, price, promotion and place have been utilized by the company for its branded products. There are three level of product, which can be best described from the following diagram given below: * Core product: Here the core product is coca cola and its other brand is which quenches thirst of human being. At present Coca Cola Company has got around 800 branded products other than beverages which are also satisfying different type of customer viz toys for children, trendy clothes for young generation etc. * Actual product: The Company got its brand name which is recognized world wide viz coca cola brand name is being recognized by 94% of the worlds population and that is word after OK. The qualities of the products are unmatchable and unquestionable. It maintains its matchless quality since its inception and the result is that it is the best in soft drink industries. * Augmented product: It includes giving dealership in local area, providing with fridge to the dealer and following up the after sales service and value added services. (Philip Kotler, 2001). * Operations review of the company For the 6 months ended 30/06/03, revenues increased 8% to $10.19 billion. Net income before accounting change increased 12% to $2.20 billion. Revenues reflect an increase in gallon shipments. Net income also reflects the inclusion of a $52 million litigation settlement (Coca Cola Company, 2003). The market of the Coca-Cola Company is virtually almost all over the world. The Company market can be divided into continents because thats where the company operates (The market is analysed on the basis of worldwide unit case volume by operating segment). Out of its 100% market, the highest market is in North America which 30%. The second highest market is in Latin America which is 24%. Third is Europe, Eurasia and Middle East which stands on 22%. Fourth is Asia which occupies 18% and last but not least Africa %. Market for Coca Cola Company: Coca Cola Company manufactures and sells/promote soft drinks and beverages so it has wide variety of market available to it. The following three markets can be best applied to the Coca Cola Company. * Mass market: In mass market the seller mass-produces, mass distributes and mass promotes one product to all buyers. At one time coca cola produced only one drink for the whole market, hoping it would appeal to everyone. Lowest costs, lowest price and large potential market are the main characteristic of mass market. * Product variety market: In product variety market seller produces more than one product that have different features, styles, quality, sizes and so on. In this case coca cola produced several soft drink packaged in different sizes and containers. They were designed for variety of buyers as the taste of buyers changes over time. * Target market: Here the company identifies market segments and selects one or more of them and develops products and marketing mixes tailored to each for example coca cola produced soft drinks for the sugared-cola segment, the diet segment (diet coke and coke light) the no caffeine segment and the non coke segment (sprite and lift). Market competition/ competitors of coca cola: Coca Cola Company uses Market Leaders Strategies to meet with its competitors and succeeded so far in it. As we all know that in the world of soft drinks and beverages coca cola enjoys the top position around the world, but like other companies it also faces stiff competition in the market. Its major competitors are PepsiCo, seven up, Dr. Pepper and new entrants are general foods and Nestle. But there is a major competition between coca cola and PepsiCo. This war is often known as cola war. Threat of substitutes. * The nature and level of competition: It would seem to be a simple task for a company to identify its competitors but coca cola knows that PepsiCo is its major competitor but the range of a companys actual and potential competitors is actually much broader. There is a cutthroat competition between the two. This competition is spread over regional, national and international level. But coca colas focus on brand management, worldwide coverage and intensive distribution and advertising its product nationally and internationally makes it the leading and most profitable soft drink company in the world. The coca cola company enjoys 3:1 ratio in the world market in soft drink industry. Other way round PepsiCo having recognized the potential soft drink market round the world started deadly marketing and gaining bit of popularity in country like India and Indonesia. The completion has reached to its culmination. For example if coca cola hire famous Indian cricketer Sachin tendulkar for its advertisement, the Pepsi will do the sam e by hiring Steve Waugh, the great Australian cricketer. In the early eighties Pepsi differentiated itself purely on price by giving slogan Twice as much for a nickel too and the resulting strategy was The Pepsi challenge. Along this Pepsi developed a more market-oriented perspective. It was the first to offer new sizes and packages. At that time coca cola was bit distributed and with its excellent marketing strategies strike back with full force and there emerged a diet coke from coca cola. * Competition on the basis of promotion: Both the companies are spending more and more in advertising their product. It is estimated that they spent nearly 60% of their budget on advertising. The annual spending on advertisements by the two companies is equal to one-day bread meal for the population of country like India. Both the company sponsors different events for example coca cola is with Olympic, Pepsi is official sponsor of Indian cricket team, coca cola participate in sprite street act in Australia, Pepsi participate in aids day and the list is end less. Both of them officially hire top players from different games. As a part of competition coca cola and Pepsi both gives wide variety schemes to their distributors world wide for example: refrigerators are being given to their distributors, tickets of different events and many more.

Computers in Education essays

Computers in Education essays Each year, new technologies hold the promise to alter the way we think and learn. Computers are prevalent everywhere, and they are making their way into school systems around the country. It is obvious that there is a demand for technological instruction in high school and college. However, the question of if computers should be implemented into early childhood classrooms is still prudent. With computers all around us, it is inevitable that children will be exposed to them, and they will eventually be facilitated into their daily lives. The purpose of this research paper is to explore the advantages, disadvantages, and methods of integrating computers into the early childhood classroom. Early childhood experiences should maximize young childrens overall growth and development. Their eyes should be opened to the wonderment of learning and the pleasures of discovery. Computers can by an important tool to optimize young childrens potential, and help aid the learning process. Before deciding to introduce children to computers, it is important to address the potential benefits and dangers the machines have on youths. (Peek and Newby 164) Some people believe that computers should not have a place in early childhood classrooms. They speculate that computers will rob children of their childhood, replace other activities, reduce creativity, and lead to social isolation. It is feared that computers will force them to learn what they are not ready to learn. The machines are often viewed as one more thing to rush young children through their vital childhood years. Whether computers will rob children of their childhood totally depends on how they are used. If children are forced to use computers for lengthy periods of time with drill software, computers could very well rob them of their childhood. On the other hand, if computers are used in appropriate ways that meet childrens development level, they can benefit...

Historic site in the New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Historic site in the New York City - Essay Example His ability to make meticulous plans, even in the face of unexpected obstacles, has also helped him gain victory. Ulysses S Grant remerged when he volunteered his services for the Civil War that broke out in 1861. One of Grant’s major achievements was gaining control of the Union. He also won some major victories along the Mississippi river. This prevented trade along the Mississippi which was part of anaconda plan. He appeared as one of the greatest leaders of American History during the Civil War. Grant was considered as a very compassionate and peaceful man who believed that political equality should be given to former slaves, when he became President of the United States. He also wanted the Indians to be treated with respect and dignity. Grant wanted justice and equality for African Americans under the law which allowed Hiram Revel of Mississippi to become the first black to be elected to the US Senate. Grant also chose Ely Parker as Commissioner of Indian Affairs. One of the most important policies during his presidency was a treaty signed in 1971, which is known as the Treaty of Washington. This policy had helped resolve several disputes among Unites States, Great Britain and Canada. He wanted this treaty to show its value in resolving problems without engaging in war but through negotiation. As Americans, we should honor Ulysses S Grant, a Civil War general, who saved the nation from dissolution. He also deserves to be respected as a president who worked to bring peace and order to not only the country but also the world at

Finance and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Finance and Management - Essay Example Finally, a decision is arrived at whether the firm can be financed two hundred thousand dollars. This Criterion must answer the following questions: What problem are you solving What is your business proposition for solving the problem Who are your customers Who are your competitors How viable is your business How do you make money Executive Summary is clear & effective as a stand-alone document. In the case, BBC is trying to solve the problem of customization of bicycle frames. There is no business proposition. The customers are mountain bike riders and racing professionals. BBC is a niche player and there is no information about its competitors. BBC makes money by selling Bicycle parts. In Joe's Case, the executive summary is a projection of sales without any explanation on what basis the projection is made. The problem is not clearly stated. From the executive summary, it is evident that Joe's specializes in providing high-quality fast food via company-owned portable carts in high-density urban office locations. The business proposition is clearly stated to provide high-quality fast food which is 100% natural. The customers are employees working in urban office locations. No information is provided about the competitors. ... The executive summary of BBC is very practical and workable. This is a favorable one. The executive summary of Joe's is viable but the sales projections made have no basis. Still this is a favorable one. Product or Service Description This criterion must answer the following questions: What is the product or service What are its attributes Advantages and potential drawbacks Why/how is your product/service more compelling than existing ones or the competition What is the stage of development Do you have a proprietary position or intellectual property protection planned or in place Most successful companies start with just one product or service or a few, at most. Trying to do too much too fast and having to educate the consumer about a product's or service's benefits can push a company under before it's out of the blocks Analysis BBC is having a single product of manufacturing bicycle frames as per the requirements of the customer. The features of the product are light, stiff, responsive and race worthy. The great advantage of BBC is customization and this forms the most compelling reason for choosing BBC. Joe's Redhots sells premium-quality hot dogs and other ready-to-eat luncheon products to upscale business people in high-traffic urban locations. Joe's Redhots is positioned versus other luncheon street vendors as the "best place to have a quick lunch." The features of Joe's product include cleanest carts, the most hygienic servers, the purest, freshest, products, and the best values. Prices are at a slight premium to reflect this superior vending service. Joe's Redhots also is known for its fun and promotional personality, offering consumers something special every week for monetary savings and fun. Interpretation BBC is very clear in its

Strategic Corporate Fiance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Corporate Fiance - Essay Example From the above-mentioned table, it is quite evident that Net Asset Value of Marks and Spencer have increased for 0.03 bases point and is higher in 2011 than 2010. The company has net assets worth of ?1.72 in 2011 and ?1.69 in 2010, which clearly explains that the Net Asset Value is improving. 2) Cost of Capital (CAPM) In the table mentioned below, the computations have been shown for the weighted average cost of capital of the company, Marks and Spencer. The cost of debt of the company is 4% whereas the cost of capital of the company was found as 4.5%. The weighted average cost of capital of the company, which incorporated the value of debt and value of equity was found to be 4.33%. Cost of Debt       Rd = Annual Coupon    Current Bond Price          = 5    125       Rd = 4.00% Value of Equity Ve = Current Price of Share x Number of Shares outstanding = 3.76 x 1,600 = 6,016 Value of Debt Vd = Current Price of Bond x Number of Bonds Issued = 125 x 2,489 = 3,111                         100       Weights       Wd = Debt = 3,111 = 34.09%    Debt + Equity 3,111 + 6,016          We = Equity = 6,016 = 65.91%       Debt + Equity    3,111 + 6,016       3) Dividend Growth Model (DGM) In this section of the paper, computations for Gordon’s dividend growth models have been shown. ...       K – g    0.045 - 0.02       From the above-mentioned table, this information can be extracted that if the growth rate is zero, then the hypothetical ex-right price of share price of Marks and Spencer is approximately 377 pence. In contrast to that, if it is assumed that dividend grow at the rate of 2%, then there is an enormous increment in the share price of the company, which is around 693 pence. It can be stated that at the growth rate 0, the share price of the company of 363 pence is more appropriate than the share price at growth rate 2%, which is 693. The share price of 693 pence is highly optimistic. 4) Price Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) The following table demonstrates the Price Earnings Ratio of Marks and Spencer. Price Earnings Ratio    31-Mar-12 11-Jan-13 P/E Ratio = 376 = 11.56 times = 363 = 11.2 times       32.5             32.5       In the year 2011, the Price Earnings Ratio of the company is 11.56. Nevertheless, it reduced in the last year to 11.2 because there was a reduction in the share price of the company. The average price earnings ratio of the respective industry of Marks and Spencer is 8.5 times, on the other hand, the P/E of Marks and Spencer is 11.2 times. If the P/E of Marks and Spencer is compared with the industry average, then it can be stated the Price Earnings ratio of Marks and Spencer is substantially higher than the industry average. It reveals that the share price of the company is over-values as compared to its industry competitors. Task 2 Investment in stocks is something which can be extremely tricky for ordinary investors. This is because the investors lack in having capabilities regarding the pricing of the stocks. The pricing of stocks have turned out to be a key factor as a minor mistake in